Voltaire’s Candide Relevant to Modern Society Free Essays

Dimattia, Devin English 12 AP Period 2 Gonzalez 10-5-11 Does Voltaire’s Candide connect to Modern Society? The tone and theme of Candide, a classic work of literature, make the novel relevant to today’s modern world. These two elements of the story bring the classic to life for new generations to relate to as they read it. The satiric story unites a new generation of modern readers to a historical past as they identify with both the theme and tone of the novel as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Voltaire’s Candide Relevant to Modern Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tone of Voltaire’s highly satirical work is humorously hopeless, and the tone is humorous because Candide and his fellow characters grasp the idea, set forth by the philosopher Pangloss, that â€Å"everything is for the best† and there is â€Å"the best of both possible worlds. † This blind optimism is negated time after time through the misfortunes that Candide and the rest of the story’s characters experience, yet the characters press on with their hopelessly positive attitudes throughout their lives. When confronted with the bleak realities of the horrors of life by a scholar, Candide only replies, â€Å"I’ve seen worse, but a wise man, who later had the misfortune to be hanged, taught me that such things are exactly as they should be: they’re the shadows in a beautiful picture. † This tone is achieved by the horrific events that the characters of Candide endure and their disinclination to accept the idea that, maybe, they really are doomed, and not all is actually for the best. The reader is inclined to give up on hope long before any of the characters do. For example, Candide loses his beloved Pangloss and the kind Anabaptist on his journey to the utopian Eldorado, gets beaten and whipped, kills more than one person, and suffers numerous other misfortunes while still concluding that all is still for the best because he can still find Cunegonde. After Pangloss is hanged, dissected, beaten, and made to row in a galley, he still believes that everything is for the best. Candide asks him, â€Å"Tell me, dear Pangloss †¦ id you still think that everything was for the best in this world? † And Pangloss replies, â€Å"I still hold my original opinions†. He goes on to say that his reasoning is due to the fact that he is a philosopher and it would be wrong to take back what he had said. Also, at the end of the novel, Candide, Cunegonde, Pangloss, and the Old Woman all decide that they are well-off where they are and that they may as well tend the ir garden, disregarding every horrible thing that they have had to experience in their pasts. Pangloss portrayed this best when he said to Candide at the end, â€Å"All events are inter-connected in this best of all possible worlds, for if you hadn’t been driven from a beautiful castle with hard kicks in the behind because of your love for Lady Cunegonde, if you hadn’t been seized by the Inquisition, if you hadn’t wandered over America on foot, if you hadn’t thrust your sword through the baron, and if you hadn’t lost all your sheep from the land of Eldorado, you wouldn’t be here eating candied citrons and pistachio nuts. This final note of proof of their perpetual optimism is consistent with the tone, where Cunegonde is ugly, the Old Woman is disagreeable, and none of the characters are very happy, yet they all continue to busy themselves with something to do and continue being hopeful. â€Å"The whole group entered into this commendable plan, and each began to exercise his own talents. The theme of Candide is that life is utterly u nfair and will continue to give everyone a rough time despite a person’s attitude of hope or a faith in everything being for the best. This prominent theme is shown over and over again as Candide and his companions suffer innumerable misfortunes and tragedies even through the existence of their collectively strong belief that everything will turn out for the best. Each character is traumatized and miserable most of the time. Some are even thought to be dead several times. By the end of the novel, the reader is almost in awe that Candide and the others have not given up on life entirely. The reader ultimately sees that it is hopeless to think that things will turn out well for the characters. However, it is also impossible to believe that they will not continue to live, learn, and try to be happy nonetheless. How to cite Voltaire’s Candide Relevant to Modern Society, Papers

Juliets Letter To A Friend Essays - Juliet, Romeo Juliet

Juliet's Letter To A Friend Capulet Manor Maiden Way Verona 15th June, 1599 Dearest Portia, So much has changed since I last wrote to you! My life has completely changed in just a matter of days. It all started at one of my father's regular house banquets (you remember one where you met Antonio don't you?). Only, on this occasion, it wasn't just another boring house party. In fact, it was exactly the opposite! Firstly, I discovered that my father wished for me to marry Count Paris! Paris! Can you imagine Paris and I as a couple?! Of course not! I despise him! He is so arrogant and boastful, constantly bragging of his mansion and riches. Fortunately, my father still sees me as his ?little girl' and has arranged the marriage to be in two years time. Hopefully, I can dissuade him by then. However, that is not the sole reason I am writing to you. I felt that I had to confide in someone other than Nurse ? for I have fallen in love! His name is Romeo and meeting him was the second incident of the feast that made it so different from the usual boring parties. His handsome looks are breathtaking and he is so romantic, nothing like all those other men who treat me as if I am just a typical maiden. Although Romeo made me a little uncomfortable at first, treating me like an angel, I soon made him realize that we were equal ? that I wasn't a goddess or a saint. I immediately fell in love with this charming young man. Later that week, I found myself in an embarrassing situation. I had walked out onto my balcony, too preoccupied with my thoughts to notice anything unusual. I knew that Romeo was an enemy, a Montague, but what was I to do? I was deeply in love with him. Meanwhile, he was standing beneath the balcony and heard of my declarations of love for him. I wouldn't have been so forward had I known he was there but it was too late. Then I suddenly remembered the danger that he was in and quickly warned him. My kinsmen would have killed him the minute thay caught sight of him, but my lover was only concerned of showing me his love. That was when I realized that he was serious about our love. We exchanged vows, and I knew that we were both solemn about our marriage. I have these strong emotions bottled up inside me, yet I feel that there is no one around me that I can talk to. I have confessed my love to Nurse, but she does not understand as she has never loved. I cannot confide in my mother as Romeo is a sworn enemy and she will most certainly keep me from seeing him. I am very confused ? I know that Romeo is a Montague and I love him, but I love my family too and I do not wish to betray them. I do have some doubts of our marriage as we are both so young and everything is happenening so quickly. I think that we may be rushing in a little, but I know that I love Romeo. What can I do? I am so confused. Your relationship with Antonio was not as complicated as this was it? Please write back soon. Yours sincerely, Juliet XXX Shakespeare

Famous Quotes About History

Famous Quotes About History We marvel at the ancient architectural wonders that attract tourists the world over. But the essence lies in the history of the foundation. Historys frozen music is like a mute sentinel who helps cultures survive. Victories and failures, traditions and heritage, make history ever changing. Yet history remains the same. Famous Quotes About History Read these famous history quotes and get drawn into the realms of the past. VoltaireHistory is only the register of crimes and misfortunes. Napoleon BonaparteWhat is history but a fable agreed upon? Karl MarxHistory repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. Winston ChurchillHistory is written by the victors. Thomas JeffersonI like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past. John Maynard KeynesIdeas shape the course of history. William ShakespeareThere is a history in all mens lives. Mark TwainThe very ink with which history is written is merely fluid prejudice. Henry David ThoreauIt is remarkable how closely the history of the apple tree is connected with that of man. Alexander SmithI go into my library and all history unrolls before me. Robert HeinleinA generation which ignores history has no past and no future. Marshall McLuhanOnly the vanquished remember history. Mohandas GandhiA small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history. Stephen CoveyLive out of your imagination, not your history. Martin Luther King, Jr.We are not makers of history. We are made by history. Dwight D. EisenhowerThings have never been more like the way they are today in history.

Word Choice Discrete vs. Discreet

Word Choice Discrete vs. Discreet Word Choice: Discrete vs. Discreet You know those times when your friend has a massive zit on their face but you don’t say anything because you don’t want to embarrass them? That’s called â€Å"being discreet.† Or should that be â€Å"discrete†? No, it shouldn’t. But many people confuse these terms due to the fact that they sound  identical when spoken. It’s therefore worth taking a minute to run through what these words mean and how to use them correctly in your work. Discreet (Careful or Prudent) As suggested above, the correct term to use when describing something which has been done to avoid embarrassment, or to keep something confidential, is â€Å"discreet†: When I went to the clinic, the nurses were very discreet. Until you left. Then they laughed about your genitals. [Photo: OnCall team/Vlastimil]It can also be used to describe something designed to be subtle, or not attract attention: The pattern on the lapels is complemented by discreet stitching on the collar. â€Å"Discreet† is related to the quality of â€Å"discretion†, although â€Å"discretion† can also mean â€Å"freedom to make decisions† and â€Å"discreet† is not used in this sense. Discrete (Separate or Distinct) When something is â€Å"discrete†, it is separate or distinct from other similar things: Wagner’s Ring Cycle is divided into four discrete parts, played in series. The valkyries were anything but discreet. â€Å"Discrete† also has some specific, technical meanings, though these tend to be related to the idea of being â€Å"distinct† or â€Å"separate.† Discrete mathematics, for instance, is a field of math that focuses on discontinuous structures (e.g., integers, graphs and logical statements). Discreet or Discrete? As you can see, these terms have very distinct meanings (you might even say that they’re â€Å"discrete†). As such, you should take care to use them correctly in your work. When describing a situation in which someone is being secretive or careful not to cause offense, the correct term is â€Å"discreet† (e.g., â€Å"You can tell me your secret. I’m very discreet.†) When you’re describing something which is separate from other similar things, the term to use is â€Å"discrete† (e.g., â€Å"Any machine can be broken down into its discrete components.†) Remember: Discreet = Careful/subtle Discrete = Distinct/separate

Principal agent theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principal agent theory - Essay Example The relationship that takes place between particular agents along with a particular principal is recognized as agency. Under the principal agent theory, the principals liability does not ends when authority is transferred to the agent and the principal continues to be liable to the third party for any shortcoming from the end of the agent. The agent principal theory is applied in various contexts such as employment and real estate. In case of employment a principal agent relationship arises when a owner of c particular company hires a manager to work or operate on his behalf while dealing with third parties. In this case the principal is the owner of the company and the agent is the manager. Similarly, subordinates become agents and managers become agents when subordinates work on the behalf of the managers. In both cases the principal is held reliable for any wrong doings conducted by the agent. Issues in Principal Agent Theory Owners of a company are regarded as principals when the y enter into a contract with the agents as agents accept that they will manage the principal’s business. ... An issue between the agent and the principal does not take place until there is a coexistence of the benefits for both the principal and the agent. A principal might end up experience cost of agency when the self interest of both the individuals deviates. This is because if the agents have the opportunity they will try to ensure that their own utility is maximized as they end up giving more importance to their self interest over the interest of the principal (Steiner, 2002, p.17). There is ample amount of probability that both the agents and the principals do not share mutual opportunities of benefits. The theory of agency even states that a principal cannot be sure whether agent will give importance to his own utility over the utility of the principal thus the principle tries to minimize losses that are projected towards his own utility. They do so by keeping strict control over the agent and monitoring the behavior of the agent. The issue that is caused due to the self serving beha vior of the agent is even recognized as hidden action (Stolle, 2008, p.63). An issue of hidden action arises as the agent may be involved in committing an act that cannot be observed by the principal or the principal does not have the information to identify what the agent is involved into. For example: In the case of real estate, an individual may hire a real estate agent to look for a home with certain characteristics and of certain price. The principal doers not know where to look for a home that is compatible with his requirements and is even not aware of the price of such a house. The agent’s task is to locate such a house and quote the correct price of the house to the principal. Since the agent has the motivation of maximizing his/her utility he may

20th century differed from the world at the end of the 19th century Term Paper

20th century differed from the world at the end of the 19th century - Term Paper Example Asians and African have tried to function in the power structure; however, this structure of power has been engineered to uphold Western rule over economic, social, and geo-political articles (White, pg 98). At the beginning of the 20th century, racial and gender, discrimination still prevailed in the society. Even though the 19th century had seen the end of the Atlantic slave trade, the struggle for equality of Africans in the white population of Europe, South America, and North America sustained. All through the century, the societal taboo regarding gender discrimination decreased. The end of the 20th century witnessed that in almost all regions of the globe, women’s rights equaled that of men. Moreover, not only did people of other cultures get equal rights by the society, but most people criticized racial discrimination as well (White, pg 98). The term Specialism was created during the 1970s, as society began to wonder at, and question humanity’s natural prejudice regarding other species. The closing years of the 19th century, and the whole of the 20th century saw considerable amount of industrial development. Americans abandoned many farms and small towns in favor of industries and factories. These industries and factories, created for mass yield and exemplified on precipitous hierarchy, depended on manual labor, and small salaries. Labor unions slowly gained power in these surroundings. In time, they attained considerable advancements in working circumstances. They also succeeded in modifying American politics: most of the time siding with the Democratic Party, labor unions made up a crucial part of most of the social legislation endorsed from the 1930s, from the time of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, until the Kennedy and Johnson governments in the 1960s. Structured labor is still a significant economic and political power today;

Role of Monetary Policy in Financial Crisis

Role of Monetary Policy in Financial Crisis 1. Introduction To begin with, it is noted that over the last year or so, financial institutions in the major economies have reported losses on a large scale. Some of these have become insolvent, or have had to be taken over or rescued by their governments. The 2008 Global Financial Crisis Credit Crisis has affected millions of Americans specifically and others around the World in general terms. Associated with all of that has been a massive swing in the appetite of the World financial markets for risk, and in their capacity to accept risk. Thus, the result has been a shift from an easily available credit to tight credit. This crisis which began in industrialized countries has shifted dramatically spread to emerging market and developing economies. Many wealthy investors or so have pulled their capital from countries, even those with small levels of perceived risk, and hence causing values of stocks and domestic currencies to plunge. Moreover, the crisis has now moved from containing the contagion to coping with the global recession and changing regulations to prevent a reoccurrence of such a problem. Some security and foreign policy effects of the crisis also are beginning to appear. In addition, policy proposals to change specific regulations as well as the structure of regulation and supervision at both domestically and internationally levels have been coming forth through the legislative process. As one can bear in mind, In June 2009, the Obamas administration announced its plan for regulatory reform of the U.S. financial system. For example, in Congress, numerous bills have been introduced that deal with issues such as establishing a commission or selecting a committee to investigate causes of the financial crisis, provide oversight and greater accountability of the Federal Reserve and Treasury lending activity, acting towards the problems in the housing and mortgage markets, provide funding for the International Monetary Fund, address problems with consumer credit cards and establish a systemic risk monitor. Therefore, the transmission of the crisis from the U.S. and Europe to the rest of the world came through a number of channels. The financial institutions in most emerging market economies had not been involved in practices that are seen in the institutions that populate the financial centers in the major industrial countries. To that extent, financial institutions in the emerging economies either shied away from the more exotic instruments, including such things as credit default swaps and collateralized debt obligations, or were prevented by regulation from holding or trading such instruments. Banking had to come of the most à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“boringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, old fashioned ever! (The New York Times has reported on last September 2009 about the moves to replace the bust securitized mortgage market with a similar scheme dealing in life insurance policies, products that are as distasteful as they are foolhardy). The question is, can anything be done to ensure more responsible financial practice? If we are suppose to talk about the US economy, we would notice that President Barak Obama marked the anniversary of Lehman collapse with a plea to bankers to not get complacent, telling them to get their house in order, or else face further regulation. We can indicate that over the past year, the financial male storm has battered the global information and communication technology industry, affecting profits and pushing down the industry in a manner reminiscent of the 2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2002 dotcom busts. It is gradually finding its feet again, but it isnt out of the woods yet. The global financial tumult has forced a number of companies to reanalyze their cost benefit analysis, ensure efficiency and improve productivity. Companies in sectors such as telecom and finance have already realized the need of IT outsourcing as a solution in the changed market dynamics. Therefore, this research paper provides a review of how the financial crisis has affected many regions of the world, proposals for a regulatory change, indication about the role of Monetary Policy the level of Political Economics that have been intervening in the Financial Crisis. It also identifies some basic challenges facing the globe suggests possible solutions for the Banking Field to overcome the crisis. 2. Literature Review The financial crisis was triggered by the bursting of a credit-fuelled bubble. Regulation and regulators did not cause this fatal bubble, but they did indirectly help it to grow by fostering the illusion of financial security. Many developing country economies are yet growing strongly, though the forecasts have been downgraded in the space of few a few months. What does the turmoil mean for such developing countries? And for how much longer can growth persist? What are the channels through which the crisis could spread to and how are the effects being felt and in what cases? What is the role for development policy and what do policy-makers need to know? Brooke Masters (2009) claimed: So far, most countries are avoiding a regulatory race to the bottom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" if anything, they are going the other way. The UK, for example, is pressing ahead with its own liquidity rules, while the Netherlands has pushed through curbs on bankers bonuses. Even Singapore, which has long been favored by financiers for its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“light-touchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? regulatory regime, considering tightening up its rules. However, Joshua Aizenman (2009) indicated that costly regulation can mitigate the probability of the crisis. We identify conditions where the regulation level supported by the majority is positive after the reform, but below the socially optimal level. A big portion of the financial crisis has had to do with under regulation and regulator duplicity with malefactors. If we look at the banking rules, we shall discover that allowing investment and commercial banks to merge, without a specification of a tighter capital rules, and hence, these new mega banks became overleveraged without examining their loans or the instruments that derived from the bad loans these banks made in the first place. In his writings about Liberalism Ludwig von Mises (1927) indicated that government intervention in markets would lead inevitably to unintended consequences that resulted in further government intervention. It is difficult to correct a problem when the cause of the problem is misunderstood. The presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the United States have all said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wall Street greedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? has led to the financial mess we are in. On the very face of it, this does not seem likely. Even if greed leads to problems, is it possible that greed has suddenly become much greater than before? To raise an interest rate at some a time is a mistake and is likely to make a bad situation even worse. In many respects, central banks, including the Federal Reserve, have drawn heavily on important threads of monetary policy research in responding to the financial crisis. Lang Wang (2005) had explained with a binding capital requirement, the effects on bank lending supply depend on the size, the capital level, the balance sheet liquidity of banks and the capital distribution and market structure in the banking sector. In a similar context, Thorbecke (1997) finds that expansive monetary policy tends to increase ex-post stock returns. He reported that small firms tend to be affected more severely by the change in monetary policy stance. In addition, Paul Krugman (1999) indicated But when a financial disaster struck Asia, the policies those countries followed in response were almost exactly the reverse of what the United States does in the fact of a slump. Currently the traditional monetary policy of the Federal Reserve is to focus on targeting the federal funds rate, now that this rate has approached the zero-bound; it has shifted to focus on other ways to lower the cost of credit in the marketplace. Federal Reserve programs have intended to offset disruptions to interbank lending short-term credit financing. Since the credit crunch is caused by conservative lending policies during periods of financial duress and reduced profitability, one may finds that monetary policy is somehow ineffective in alleviating the credit crunch. Instead loan regulation can erase it. George Macesich (1992) argued that the poor performance of monetary policy can be attributed historically to the ease with which money has so often been made a political issue. He stated that For Monetary Policy to be credible, and thus successful, the hands of the Monetary Policy- makers are better tied than left free. Sun Ruijun and Bao Erwen (2008) have reported The in-depth development of economic globalization has made economic ties and interdependence between countries even closer, boosting the sustained growth of world economy, and benefiting many countries. The global financial crisis is more than just an economic event: It puts pressure on the geopolitical system and is driving states to change their behavior. Taking a snap shot on the GCC states, one can clearly define how largely it has been insulated from the global credit crunch because they are the proud owners of some of the worlds largest oil deposits. Much of this has been caused by massive infrastructure and development projects such as Qatars liquefied natural gas facilities, Dubais fanciful real estate explosion and Bahrains attempts to convert itself into a financial Mecca. The economic system has an effect on the political outcomes. Well-functioning financial institutions, in turn, can increase the political support for anti-corruption measures. Kira Boerner Christa Hainz (2006) argued When banks possess a perfect screening technology that allows them to deny credit to those debtors who use the money for financing an entry fee, the corrupt officials will still borrow from their relatives. However, compared to the case without financial institutions, the interest of corrupt officials and relatives in corruption decreases: Both parties have the opportunity to save at a bank. In similar terms, Torsten Persson (2000) had explained Economic policy is the equilibrium outcome of a well defined no cooperative game under preemptive assumptions about economic political behavior. At all levels, the present financial crisis requires a co-ordinate response on a global scale. The real risk to the world economy is the temptation to revert to protectionism by each individual country in order to solve their own domestic problems. 3. Research Methodology In choosing the correct research method to be used in this research paper, the survey research method by Questionnaires will be the basic research design. Each respondent will be supplied with a questionnaire titled How banks can overcome the Global Financial Crisis? The questionnaire is estimated to take no longer than 6 minutes for each reached individual regardless of the age. A survey of 68 individuals located in many counties throughout the country will provide the database for this study. The sample was selected on a probability basis from as much decision maker playing role individuals as possible in Bahrain. The questionnaire took place in Bahrain the response from the respondents took almost one week. Questionnaires were distributed randomly depending on many aspects such as: age, gender, employment condition most important of all, the level of knowledge regarding the topic under study. This research paper sampling volume totaled 68, out of which, males represented 38 and the rest 30 were for females. The original sample was 70, in which the researchers found that 2 individuals were students below the age of 18 and were unemployed. That made a quiet confusing decision to remove the two from the total sample, since at that age and being unemployed is not a truly decision maker respondent. 4. Challenges As the world look beyond the economic crisis, what are the most urgent challenges that are needed to be addressed? Gaining a proper perspective on the crisis itself is a first challenge. In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that a market which operates responsibly offers a more secure life and a best hope to people who seek a better standards of living wherever in the world they may live. This is absolutely fundamental. While it is true that the direct causes of the crisis the combustible mixture of excess leverage in both consumer and financial markets, the bank failures, the credit collapse have led to some painful consequences, it would be folly to conclude that the foundations of market economics have been irreparably damaged. A second challenge facing the Global is how to deal intelligently with the huge fiscal challenges ahead. The response of central banks and governments to the economic crisis may very well have averted a global catastrophe. However, massive fiscal obligations have been assumed by governments and this might take many years to unwind. What is needed is for countries to create and develop smart à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? strategies. Furthermore, as the private sector returns to some growth, this requires a determined pullback in government expenditure. Not an easy task: as we all know, the politics of unwinding government programs can be daunting. Here political courage and good public policy go hand in hand. The third challenge needs an urgent attention. It is acknowledged that the global economy is out of balance and that this is one of the reasons for the financial crisis. Massive reliance on external demand carries with it real consequences as does the excessive reliance on foreign investors to finance consumption and deficits for long periods of time. As one could realize, such imbalances can cause serious and long-lasting economic damage. There is also the challenge, or opportunity, of what to do with a countrys immense foreign exchange reserves. A Chinese think tank has come up with an exciting idea: that the reserves could be put to good use through the development of a Marshall Plan for Africa, Asia and Latin America. Such a development fund, or loan facility, would increase living standards in the targeted countries. The fifth challenge is enormously complex challenge that deserves attention. Sometimes we feel that we have loaded so many expectations onto the climate change agenda that it cannot help but fail. You would think that tackling this issue will give us infinite new sources of cleaner energy, and allow for the transfer of substantial amounts of financial and technological support to emerging economies. On the global side, No existing architecture is found to be proficient in preventing global crises from erupting. Since financial crises occur even in relatively tightly regulated economies, the likelihood that a supranational influence could prevent an international crisis from occurring is questionable. The financial crisis has been characterized as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wake-up callà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for investors who had put their faith confidence in. For example, credit ratings placed on securities by credit rating agencies operating under what some have referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wicked incentives and conflicts of interest.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Moving forward to a sixth challenge, the Council on Foreign Relations explained the problem in a report on systemic regulation, as follows: One regulatory organization in each country should be responsible for overseeing the health and stability of the overall financial system. The role of the systemic regulator should include gathering, analyzing, and reporting information about significant interactions between and risks among financial institutions; designing and implementing systemically sensitive regulations, including capital requirements; and coordinating with the fiscal authorities and other government agencies in managing systemic crises. We argue that the central bank should be charged with this important new responsibility. Centers of financial activity such as New York, London, and Tokyo, race with each other and multinational firms can determine where to carry out particular financial transactions. This is to be addresses as one of the considerations in policy making. A seventh challenge is that a large financial institution that may be defined as large to fail represents the heavy arm that the world economy depends greatly on. If an institution is considered to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unsuccessful too big to fail,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? its bankruptcy would cause a major risk collapse to the system as a whole. Yet, if there is an implicit promise of governmental support in case of failure, the government may create a moral hazard, which is the motivation for an entity to be engaged in somewhat risky behavior, knowing that the government will rescue it if it fails. A further challenge is that the nature and size of accumulating financial and systemic risks have not been well identified by the existing micro regulation. It even didnt impose appropriate remedial actions. Even though some analysts and institutions were sounding alarms before the crisis erupted, there were hardly any regulatory tools available to handle with the increase of risk in the system as a whole or the risks being forced by other firms either in the same or different sectors. It seemed to be an insufficient response to some of these risks either by the authorities responsible for the mistake of individual financial institutions or specific market segments. A last fundamental challenge deals with the nature of regulation and supervision. Banking regulation tends to be specific and detailed and places requirements and limits on bank behavior. Federal securities regulation, however, is based primarily on disclosure. Registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission is required, but that registration does not imply that an investment is safe or secured, only that the risks have been fully disclosed! 5. Analysis Discussion When the U.S financial System falls down, it may bring major parts of the rest of the world down with it. The global financial crisis has opened the World eye on an important point: that the United States is still a major center of the financial world. Hence, Regional financial crises (such as the Asian financial crisis, Japans banking crisis or even the current Dubais Credit Crisis) can occur without seriously infecting the rest of the global financial system as does the United States economy. The reason behind, is that the United States is the main guarantor of the international financial system, the provider of dollars widely used as currency reserves and as an international intermediate for exchange, besides being a contributor to much of the financial capital that around the world seeking higher yields. The rest of the world may not appreciate it, but a financial crisis in the United States often takes on a global hue. To analyze the questionnaire, the researchers have used the SPSS program and the regression analysis in order to define some relationships that best help identify the problem under study. The descriptive statistical analyses questionnaire will be used, including calculations of sampling error, and statistical adjustments for unequal selection probabilities. Cross-classification analyses with demo-graphic, ANOVA, linear regression and T-Test is much more applied in order to explain some judgments. Since the researchers think that the gender is one of the independent variables that could test many hypothesis, three hypothesis were applied based on the dependant variable: First Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and understanding what is going on in the current financial news. Second Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and being informed about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Third Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and the decision that thinks of governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies. The table below, represents the Statistical Data Analysis of the designed questionnaire: Table 1: SPSS Statistics for all questionnaire questions One-Sample Test    Question No.    Test Value = 0 Test Value = 0 N t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference    Lower Upper Lower Upper Question_1 68 23.758 67 0 1.441 1.32 1.56 23.758 67 0 1.441 1.32 1.56 Question_2 68 17.636 67 0 4.206 3.73 4.68 17.636 67 0 4.206 3.73 4.68 Question_3 68 21.715 67 0 1.706 1.55 1.86 21.715 67 0 1.706 1.55 1.86 Question_4 68 22.401 67 0 3.868 3.52 4.21 22.401 67 0 3.868 3.52 4.21 Question_5 68 13.683 67 0 2.074 1.77 2.38 13.683 67 0 2.074 1.77 2.38 Question_6 68 8.596 67 0 2.029 1.56 2.5 8.596 67 0 2.029 1.56 2.5 Question_7 68 10.618 67 0 3.5 2.84 4.16 10.618 67 0 3.5 2.84 4.16 Question_8 68 17.868 67 0 2.191 1.95 2.44 17.868 67 0 2.191 1.95 2.44 Question_9 68 23.953 67 0 2.676 2.45 2.9 23.953 67 0 2.676 2.45 2.9 Question_10 68 15.557 67 0 5.059 4.41 5.71 15.557 67 0 5.059 4.41 5.71 Question_11_1 68 14.691 67 0 3.529 3.05 4.01 14.691 67 0 3.529 3.05 4.01 Question_11_2 68 18.302 67 0 4.809 4.28 5.33 18.302 67 0 4.809 4.28 5.33 Question_11_3 68 21.056 67 0 5.029 4.55 5.51 21.056 67 0 5.029 4.55 5.51 Question_11_4 68 17.835 67 0 4.426 3.93 4.92 17.835 67 0 4.426 3.93 4.92 Question_11_5 68 20.978 67 0 4.897 4.43 5.36 20.978 67 0 4.897 4.43 5.36 Question_12 68 16.241 67 0 2.735 2.4 3.07 16.241 67 0 2.735 2.4 3.07 Question_13 68 14.707 67 0 2.676 2.31 3.04 14.707 67 0 2.676 2.31 3.04 Question_14 68 26.329 67 0 2.765 2.56 2.97 26.329 67 0 2.765 2.56 2.97 Anova Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 4.074 1 4.074 4.173 .045a Residual 64.440 66 .976       Total 68.515 67          a. Predictors: (Constant), Question_1          b. Dependent Variable: Question_8          Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.481 .368    4.025 .000 Question_1 .493 .241 .244 2.043 .045 a. Dependent Variable: Question_8          Table 2: Anova statistics coefficients relationship Q1 Q8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hypothesis. From the Questionnaire, we have selected the relationship among the following questions. However, Gender will always be constant. Question (1): Please indicate your gender: Male Female Question (8): In general, how knowledgeable do you consider yourself to be when it comes to understanding what is going on in the current financial news? I know enough to be able to explain whats happening in the financial industry to other people. I understand enough to make sense of the detail behind the financial news stories. I just follow the headlines but my understanding of financial news is fairly vague. I dont really understand whats going on in the financial news. Question_8: On the One-Sample Test it is showed that the Significance is = 0.00 which is less than 0.05, so we reject any initial premise that the average Question_8 is not equal to 0. Since the answer to this question fell where the value of t = 17.868, positive, meaning that people have a significant understanding and knowledge about the current financial news. About 35.3 % of the answers to question 8 went in to that both, males females find themselves having enough understanding to make sense of the detail behind the financial news stories. On lower confidence levels, 29.4% find themselves confident enough to answer bitterly regarding the financial crisis. Question (9): How informed are you about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? that is said to be impacting the U.S. economy the rest of the Globe? Very informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I have actively sought additional information on this story. Somewhat informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I know a bit about it, but wouldnt be able to hold my own in a conversation about it. Informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Ive read/seen stories about it when Ive come across them in the news. Not informed at allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I dont know anything about this story. Question_9: The mean for this particular sample is 2.68, which is statistically significantly different from the test value of Zero.  34 out of 68 sample volume representing almost 50% who have been really informed to have read/seen stories about the global financial crisis when coming across it in the news. The researchers find that the relationship between gender and being informed about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is positive with (.493) and based on the t-value of (2.043) and p-value of (0.045), this relationship is statistically significant.   Hence, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between people gender being informed and know ledged enough about the crisis. Question (13): What role, if any, do you think that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies? Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk. Intermediaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should act as an intermediary between concerned parties. Laissez Faireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should not interfere with economic affairs beyond the minimum. Completely hands offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should let Wall Street solve its problems on its own. Case by caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should take a case-by-case approach. ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 14.714 1 14.714 7.132 .010a Residual 136.168 66 2.063       Total 150.882 67          a. Predictors: (Constant), Question_1          b. Dependent Variable: Question_13          Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.326 .535    2.480 .016 Question_1 .937 .351 .312 2.671 .010 a. Dependent Variable: Question_13          Table 3: Anova statistics coefficients relationship Q1 Q13 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hypothesis. The relationship between gender and the choice to think of the role that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies is positive (.937). Based on the t-value (2.671) and p-value (0.010), it is to be clarified that this relationship is statistically significant.   Hence, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship. Most of the questionnaires answer to question 13 went to choose that the role of government can be best suggested as to: Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk. Question (4) Which of the following best describes the highest level of education you have attained? Some high school High school graduate Some college College graduate Some post graduate studies Post graduate degree Question (13): What role, if any, do you think that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies? 1 Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk.    3 1 7 1 8 2 Intermediaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should act as an intermediary between concerned parties.    2 7 3 1 2 3 Laissez Faireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should not interfere with economic affairs beyond the minimum.    3 7 4 -   1 4 Completely hands offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should let Wall Street solve its problems on its own.    1    2    -   5 Case by caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should take a case-by-case approach. 1 2 3 4    5 Table 4: Cross Checking Analysis between Q4 Q13. To provide a better understanding of a cross classification, the table below indicates that, most of people holding a college degree, agreed with the choice that governments should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk and in need for its support. Therefore, we see that the Global Financial Crisis can be broken down into major phases. Although each phase has a policy focus, it seemed that until t Role of Monetary Policy in Financial Crisis Role of Monetary Policy in Financial Crisis 1. Introduction To begin with, it is noted that over the last year or so, financial institutions in the major economies have reported losses on a large scale. Some of these have become insolvent, or have had to be taken over or rescued by their governments. The 2008 Global Financial Crisis Credit Crisis has affected millions of Americans specifically and others around the World in general terms. Associated with all of that has been a massive swing in the appetite of the World financial markets for risk, and in their capacity to accept risk. Thus, the result has been a shift from an easily available credit to tight credit. This crisis which began in industrialized countries has shifted dramatically spread to emerging market and developing economies. Many wealthy investors or so have pulled their capital from countries, even those with small levels of perceived risk, and hence causing values of stocks and domestic currencies to plunge. Moreover, the crisis has now moved from containing the contagion to coping with the global recession and changing regulations to prevent a reoccurrence of such a problem. Some security and foreign policy effects of the crisis also are beginning to appear. In addition, policy proposals to change specific regulations as well as the structure of regulation and supervision at both domestically and internationally levels have been coming forth through the legislative process. As one can bear in mind, In June 2009, the Obamas administration announced its plan for regulatory reform of the U.S. financial system. For example, in Congress, numerous bills have been introduced that deal with issues such as establishing a commission or selecting a committee to investigate causes of the financial crisis, provide oversight and greater accountability of the Federal Reserve and Treasury lending activity, acting towards the problems in the housing and mortgage markets, provide funding for the International Monetary Fund, address problems with consumer credit cards and establish a systemic risk monitor. Therefore, the transmission of the crisis from the U.S. and Europe to the rest of the world came through a number of channels. The financial institutions in most emerging market economies had not been involved in practices that are seen in the institutions that populate the financial centers in the major industrial countries. To that extent, financial institutions in the emerging economies either shied away from the more exotic instruments, including such things as credit default swaps and collateralized debt obligations, or were prevented by regulation from holding or trading such instruments. Banking had to come of the most à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“boringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, old fashioned ever! (The New York Times has reported on last September 2009 about the moves to replace the bust securitized mortgage market with a similar scheme dealing in life insurance policies, products that are as distasteful as they are foolhardy). The question is, can anything be done to ensure more responsible financial practice? If we are suppose to talk about the US economy, we would notice that President Barak Obama marked the anniversary of Lehman collapse with a plea to bankers to not get complacent, telling them to get their house in order, or else face further regulation. We can indicate that over the past year, the financial male storm has battered the global information and communication technology industry, affecting profits and pushing down the industry in a manner reminiscent of the 2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2002 dotcom busts. It is gradually finding its feet again, but it isnt out of the woods yet. The global financial tumult has forced a number of companies to reanalyze their cost benefit analysis, ensure efficiency and improve productivity. Companies in sectors such as telecom and finance have already realized the need of IT outsourcing as a solution in the changed market dynamics. Therefore, this research paper provides a review of how the financial crisis has affected many regions of the world, proposals for a regulatory change, indication about the role of Monetary Policy the level of Political Economics that have been intervening in the Financial Crisis. It also identifies some basic challenges facing the globe suggests possible solutions for the Banking Field to overcome the crisis. 2. Literature Review The financial crisis was triggered by the bursting of a credit-fuelled bubble. Regulation and regulators did not cause this fatal bubble, but they did indirectly help it to grow by fostering the illusion of financial security. Many developing country economies are yet growing strongly, though the forecasts have been downgraded in the space of few a few months. What does the turmoil mean for such developing countries? And for how much longer can growth persist? What are the channels through which the crisis could spread to and how are the effects being felt and in what cases? What is the role for development policy and what do policy-makers need to know? Brooke Masters (2009) claimed: So far, most countries are avoiding a regulatory race to the bottom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" if anything, they are going the other way. The UK, for example, is pressing ahead with its own liquidity rules, while the Netherlands has pushed through curbs on bankers bonuses. Even Singapore, which has long been favored by financiers for its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“light-touchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? regulatory regime, considering tightening up its rules. However, Joshua Aizenman (2009) indicated that costly regulation can mitigate the probability of the crisis. We identify conditions where the regulation level supported by the majority is positive after the reform, but below the socially optimal level. A big portion of the financial crisis has had to do with under regulation and regulator duplicity with malefactors. If we look at the banking rules, we shall discover that allowing investment and commercial banks to merge, without a specification of a tighter capital rules, and hence, these new mega banks became overleveraged without examining their loans or the instruments that derived from the bad loans these banks made in the first place. In his writings about Liberalism Ludwig von Mises (1927) indicated that government intervention in markets would lead inevitably to unintended consequences that resulted in further government intervention. It is difficult to correct a problem when the cause of the problem is misunderstood. The presidential and vice-presidential candidates in the United States have all said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wall Street greedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? has led to the financial mess we are in. On the very face of it, this does not seem likely. Even if greed leads to problems, is it possible that greed has suddenly become much greater than before? To raise an interest rate at some a time is a mistake and is likely to make a bad situation even worse. In many respects, central banks, including the Federal Reserve, have drawn heavily on important threads of monetary policy research in responding to the financial crisis. Lang Wang (2005) had explained with a binding capital requirement, the effects on bank lending supply depend on the size, the capital level, the balance sheet liquidity of banks and the capital distribution and market structure in the banking sector. In a similar context, Thorbecke (1997) finds that expansive monetary policy tends to increase ex-post stock returns. He reported that small firms tend to be affected more severely by the change in monetary policy stance. In addition, Paul Krugman (1999) indicated But when a financial disaster struck Asia, the policies those countries followed in response were almost exactly the reverse of what the United States does in the fact of a slump. Currently the traditional monetary policy of the Federal Reserve is to focus on targeting the federal funds rate, now that this rate has approached the zero-bound; it has shifted to focus on other ways to lower the cost of credit in the marketplace. Federal Reserve programs have intended to offset disruptions to interbank lending short-term credit financing. Since the credit crunch is caused by conservative lending policies during periods of financial duress and reduced profitability, one may finds that monetary policy is somehow ineffective in alleviating the credit crunch. Instead loan regulation can erase it. George Macesich (1992) argued that the poor performance of monetary policy can be attributed historically to the ease with which money has so often been made a political issue. He stated that For Monetary Policy to be credible, and thus successful, the hands of the Monetary Policy- makers are better tied than left free. Sun Ruijun and Bao Erwen (2008) have reported The in-depth development of economic globalization has made economic ties and interdependence between countries even closer, boosting the sustained growth of world economy, and benefiting many countries. The global financial crisis is more than just an economic event: It puts pressure on the geopolitical system and is driving states to change their behavior. Taking a snap shot on the GCC states, one can clearly define how largely it has been insulated from the global credit crunch because they are the proud owners of some of the worlds largest oil deposits. Much of this has been caused by massive infrastructure and development projects such as Qatars liquefied natural gas facilities, Dubais fanciful real estate explosion and Bahrains attempts to convert itself into a financial Mecca. The economic system has an effect on the political outcomes. Well-functioning financial institutions, in turn, can increase the political support for anti-corruption measures. Kira Boerner Christa Hainz (2006) argued When banks possess a perfect screening technology that allows them to deny credit to those debtors who use the money for financing an entry fee, the corrupt officials will still borrow from their relatives. However, compared to the case without financial institutions, the interest of corrupt officials and relatives in corruption decreases: Both parties have the opportunity to save at a bank. In similar terms, Torsten Persson (2000) had explained Economic policy is the equilibrium outcome of a well defined no cooperative game under preemptive assumptions about economic political behavior. At all levels, the present financial crisis requires a co-ordinate response on a global scale. The real risk to the world economy is the temptation to revert to protectionism by each individual country in order to solve their own domestic problems. 3. Research Methodology In choosing the correct research method to be used in this research paper, the survey research method by Questionnaires will be the basic research design. Each respondent will be supplied with a questionnaire titled How banks can overcome the Global Financial Crisis? The questionnaire is estimated to take no longer than 6 minutes for each reached individual regardless of the age. A survey of 68 individuals located in many counties throughout the country will provide the database for this study. The sample was selected on a probability basis from as much decision maker playing role individuals as possible in Bahrain. The questionnaire took place in Bahrain the response from the respondents took almost one week. Questionnaires were distributed randomly depending on many aspects such as: age, gender, employment condition most important of all, the level of knowledge regarding the topic under study. This research paper sampling volume totaled 68, out of which, males represented 38 and the rest 30 were for females. The original sample was 70, in which the researchers found that 2 individuals were students below the age of 18 and were unemployed. That made a quiet confusing decision to remove the two from the total sample, since at that age and being unemployed is not a truly decision maker respondent. 4. Challenges As the world look beyond the economic crisis, what are the most urgent challenges that are needed to be addressed? Gaining a proper perspective on the crisis itself is a first challenge. In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that a market which operates responsibly offers a more secure life and a best hope to people who seek a better standards of living wherever in the world they may live. This is absolutely fundamental. While it is true that the direct causes of the crisis the combustible mixture of excess leverage in both consumer and financial markets, the bank failures, the credit collapse have led to some painful consequences, it would be folly to conclude that the foundations of market economics have been irreparably damaged. A second challenge facing the Global is how to deal intelligently with the huge fiscal challenges ahead. The response of central banks and governments to the economic crisis may very well have averted a global catastrophe. However, massive fiscal obligations have been assumed by governments and this might take many years to unwind. What is needed is for countries to create and develop smart à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“exità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? strategies. Furthermore, as the private sector returns to some growth, this requires a determined pullback in government expenditure. Not an easy task: as we all know, the politics of unwinding government programs can be daunting. Here political courage and good public policy go hand in hand. The third challenge needs an urgent attention. It is acknowledged that the global economy is out of balance and that this is one of the reasons for the financial crisis. Massive reliance on external demand carries with it real consequences as does the excessive reliance on foreign investors to finance consumption and deficits for long periods of time. As one could realize, such imbalances can cause serious and long-lasting economic damage. There is also the challenge, or opportunity, of what to do with a countrys immense foreign exchange reserves. A Chinese think tank has come up with an exciting idea: that the reserves could be put to good use through the development of a Marshall Plan for Africa, Asia and Latin America. Such a development fund, or loan facility, would increase living standards in the targeted countries. The fifth challenge is enormously complex challenge that deserves attention. Sometimes we feel that we have loaded so many expectations onto the climate change agenda that it cannot help but fail. You would think that tackling this issue will give us infinite new sources of cleaner energy, and allow for the transfer of substantial amounts of financial and technological support to emerging economies. On the global side, No existing architecture is found to be proficient in preventing global crises from erupting. Since financial crises occur even in relatively tightly regulated economies, the likelihood that a supranational influence could prevent an international crisis from occurring is questionable. The financial crisis has been characterized as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wake-up callà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for investors who had put their faith confidence in. For example, credit ratings placed on securities by credit rating agencies operating under what some have referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wicked incentives and conflicts of interest.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Moving forward to a sixth challenge, the Council on Foreign Relations explained the problem in a report on systemic regulation, as follows: One regulatory organization in each country should be responsible for overseeing the health and stability of the overall financial system. The role of the systemic regulator should include gathering, analyzing, and reporting information about significant interactions between and risks among financial institutions; designing and implementing systemically sensitive regulations, including capital requirements; and coordinating with the fiscal authorities and other government agencies in managing systemic crises. We argue that the central bank should be charged with this important new responsibility. Centers of financial activity such as New York, London, and Tokyo, race with each other and multinational firms can determine where to carry out particular financial transactions. This is to be addresses as one of the considerations in policy making. A seventh challenge is that a large financial institution that may be defined as large to fail represents the heavy arm that the world economy depends greatly on. If an institution is considered to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unsuccessful too big to fail,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? its bankruptcy would cause a major risk collapse to the system as a whole. Yet, if there is an implicit promise of governmental support in case of failure, the government may create a moral hazard, which is the motivation for an entity to be engaged in somewhat risky behavior, knowing that the government will rescue it if it fails. A further challenge is that the nature and size of accumulating financial and systemic risks have not been well identified by the existing micro regulation. It even didnt impose appropriate remedial actions. Even though some analysts and institutions were sounding alarms before the crisis erupted, there were hardly any regulatory tools available to handle with the increase of risk in the system as a whole or the risks being forced by other firms either in the same or different sectors. It seemed to be an insufficient response to some of these risks either by the authorities responsible for the mistake of individual financial institutions or specific market segments. A last fundamental challenge deals with the nature of regulation and supervision. Banking regulation tends to be specific and detailed and places requirements and limits on bank behavior. Federal securities regulation, however, is based primarily on disclosure. Registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission is required, but that registration does not imply that an investment is safe or secured, only that the risks have been fully disclosed! 5. Analysis Discussion When the U.S financial System falls down, it may bring major parts of the rest of the world down with it. The global financial crisis has opened the World eye on an important point: that the United States is still a major center of the financial world. Hence, Regional financial crises (such as the Asian financial crisis, Japans banking crisis or even the current Dubais Credit Crisis) can occur without seriously infecting the rest of the global financial system as does the United States economy. The reason behind, is that the United States is the main guarantor of the international financial system, the provider of dollars widely used as currency reserves and as an international intermediate for exchange, besides being a contributor to much of the financial capital that around the world seeking higher yields. The rest of the world may not appreciate it, but a financial crisis in the United States often takes on a global hue. To analyze the questionnaire, the researchers have used the SPSS program and the regression analysis in order to define some relationships that best help identify the problem under study. The descriptive statistical analyses questionnaire will be used, including calculations of sampling error, and statistical adjustments for unequal selection probabilities. Cross-classification analyses with demo-graphic, ANOVA, linear regression and T-Test is much more applied in order to explain some judgments. Since the researchers think that the gender is one of the independent variables that could test many hypothesis, three hypothesis were applied based on the dependant variable: First Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and understanding what is going on in the current financial news. Second Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and being informed about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Third Hypothesis: There is no relationship between gender and the decision that thinks of governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies. The table below, represents the Statistical Data Analysis of the designed questionnaire: Table 1: SPSS Statistics for all questionnaire questions One-Sample Test    Question No.    Test Value = 0 Test Value = 0 N t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference    Lower Upper Lower Upper Question_1 68 23.758 67 0 1.441 1.32 1.56 23.758 67 0 1.441 1.32 1.56 Question_2 68 17.636 67 0 4.206 3.73 4.68 17.636 67 0 4.206 3.73 4.68 Question_3 68 21.715 67 0 1.706 1.55 1.86 21.715 67 0 1.706 1.55 1.86 Question_4 68 22.401 67 0 3.868 3.52 4.21 22.401 67 0 3.868 3.52 4.21 Question_5 68 13.683 67 0 2.074 1.77 2.38 13.683 67 0 2.074 1.77 2.38 Question_6 68 8.596 67 0 2.029 1.56 2.5 8.596 67 0 2.029 1.56 2.5 Question_7 68 10.618 67 0 3.5 2.84 4.16 10.618 67 0 3.5 2.84 4.16 Question_8 68 17.868 67 0 2.191 1.95 2.44 17.868 67 0 2.191 1.95 2.44 Question_9 68 23.953 67 0 2.676 2.45 2.9 23.953 67 0 2.676 2.45 2.9 Question_10 68 15.557 67 0 5.059 4.41 5.71 15.557 67 0 5.059 4.41 5.71 Question_11_1 68 14.691 67 0 3.529 3.05 4.01 14.691 67 0 3.529 3.05 4.01 Question_11_2 68 18.302 67 0 4.809 4.28 5.33 18.302 67 0 4.809 4.28 5.33 Question_11_3 68 21.056 67 0 5.029 4.55 5.51 21.056 67 0 5.029 4.55 5.51 Question_11_4 68 17.835 67 0 4.426 3.93 4.92 17.835 67 0 4.426 3.93 4.92 Question_11_5 68 20.978 67 0 4.897 4.43 5.36 20.978 67 0 4.897 4.43 5.36 Question_12 68 16.241 67 0 2.735 2.4 3.07 16.241 67 0 2.735 2.4 3.07 Question_13 68 14.707 67 0 2.676 2.31 3.04 14.707 67 0 2.676 2.31 3.04 Question_14 68 26.329 67 0 2.765 2.56 2.97 26.329 67 0 2.765 2.56 2.97 Anova Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 4.074 1 4.074 4.173 .045a Residual 64.440 66 .976       Total 68.515 67          a. Predictors: (Constant), Question_1          b. Dependent Variable: Question_8          Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.481 .368    4.025 .000 Question_1 .493 .241 .244 2.043 .045 a. Dependent Variable: Question_8          Table 2: Anova statistics coefficients relationship Q1 Q8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hypothesis. From the Questionnaire, we have selected the relationship among the following questions. However, Gender will always be constant. Question (1): Please indicate your gender: Male Female Question (8): In general, how knowledgeable do you consider yourself to be when it comes to understanding what is going on in the current financial news? I know enough to be able to explain whats happening in the financial industry to other people. I understand enough to make sense of the detail behind the financial news stories. I just follow the headlines but my understanding of financial news is fairly vague. I dont really understand whats going on in the financial news. Question_8: On the One-Sample Test it is showed that the Significance is = 0.00 which is less than 0.05, so we reject any initial premise that the average Question_8 is not equal to 0. Since the answer to this question fell where the value of t = 17.868, positive, meaning that people have a significant understanding and knowledge about the current financial news. About 35.3 % of the answers to question 8 went in to that both, males females find themselves having enough understanding to make sense of the detail behind the financial news stories. On lower confidence levels, 29.4% find themselves confident enough to answer bitterly regarding the financial crisis. Question (9): How informed are you about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? that is said to be impacting the U.S. economy the rest of the Globe? Very informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I have actively sought additional information on this story. Somewhat informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I know a bit about it, but wouldnt be able to hold my own in a conversation about it. Informedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ Ive read/seen stories about it when Ive come across them in the news. Not informed at allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ I dont know anything about this story. Question_9: The mean for this particular sample is 2.68, which is statistically significantly different from the test value of Zero.  34 out of 68 sample volume representing almost 50% who have been really informed to have read/seen stories about the global financial crisis when coming across it in the news. The researchers find that the relationship between gender and being informed about the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Global Financial Crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is positive with (.493) and based on the t-value of (2.043) and p-value of (0.045), this relationship is statistically significant.   Hence, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between people gender being informed and know ledged enough about the crisis. Question (13): What role, if any, do you think that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies? Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk. Intermediaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should act as an intermediary between concerned parties. Laissez Faireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should not interfere with economic affairs beyond the minimum. Completely hands offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should let Wall Street solve its problems on its own. Case by caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should take a case-by-case approach. ANOVAb Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 14.714 1 14.714 7.132 .010a Residual 136.168 66 2.063       Total 150.882 67          a. Predictors: (Constant), Question_1          b. Dependent Variable: Question_13          Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.326 .535    2.480 .016 Question_1 .937 .351 .312 2.671 .010 a. Dependent Variable: Question_13          Table 3: Anova statistics coefficients relationship Q1 Q13 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hypothesis. The relationship between gender and the choice to think of the role that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies is positive (.937). Based on the t-value (2.671) and p-value (0.010), it is to be clarified that this relationship is statistically significant.   Hence, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship. Most of the questionnaires answer to question 13 went to choose that the role of government can be best suggested as to: Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ the government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk. Question (4) Which of the following best describes the highest level of education you have attained? Some high school High school graduate Some college College graduate Some post graduate studies Post graduate degree Question (13): What role, if any, do you think that governments around the world should take in the financial sector towards their economies? 1 Hands onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk.    3 1 7 1 8 2 Intermediaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should act as an intermediary between concerned parties.    2 7 3 1 2 3 Laissez Faireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should not interfere with economic affairs beyond the minimum.    3 7 4 -   1 4 Completely hands offà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should let Wall Street solve its problems on its own.    1    2    -   5 Case by caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ The government should take a case-by-case approach. 1 2 3 4    5 Table 4: Cross Checking Analysis between Q4 Q13. To provide a better understanding of a cross classification, the table below indicates that, most of people holding a college degree, agreed with the choice that governments should intervene whenever the financial sector is at risk and in need for its support. Therefore, we see that the Global Financial Crisis can be broken down into major phases. Although each phase has a policy focus, it seemed that until t