Irish Roman Catholic who describes (B Devlin) her school days

Source D is form an Irish Roman Catholic who describes (B Devlin) her school days, which implies a degree of bias because her Vice Principle â€Å"mother Benignus† had her family suffer at the hands of the British. Her view on Protestants was that they were not Irish, and she even had separate views on teaching about Irish history. This source is an adaptation form b Devlin â€Å"the price of my soul, 1969†, this date indicates that this source could be primary but yet again it could be bias. This source is limited in a way but still gives us sufficient evidence to show how troubles could have broken out, because Protestants and Catholics Were divided as communities and were taught in separate methods, they were also separated so when the two meet either side would contradict each other. Therefore resulting in violence. Source E is a Protestant cartoon from the nineteenth century showing â€Å"ERIN† (Ireland) bound by ropes by a Catholic Priest. This is portraying conflict between the two religions. There is a message portrayed by the cartoon and it is that Catholicism has control of Ireland. But this could be portraying the truth, as Catholicism was the main religion in Ireland. This source is limited but it helps to show how conflict between Catholics and Protestants came about. But this could also be a Propaganda Against the Catholics to try and gain support for Protestants. Source F is a map showing the Gerrymander in Derry in 1966. It is obvious that the Protestants have deliberately placed themselves at an advantage in places where they get the most votes apart from the South Ward, where Catholics had the majority. But this source is very limited, as it cannot give more information than it already holds. Source G is of Protestant images of Catholic attacks on Protestants in 1641. This could be propaganda to recruit more men into raising an army. If any thing I think the Catholics people who are being pushed around because the Protestants have the British behind them so this makes more tension added to what is building up to be the beginning of the troubles. Source H is what some People would call primary evidence that has no bias what so ever. This is true to some extent the photograph shows a civil rights marcher clearly being struck by armed officers. However the photo is limited evidence we cannot see what is outside the perimeter of the photograph or what before or after this incident to cause the RUC officers to strike the marcher. There may be a cause for it and yet it could also be a raged attack by thee RUC officers. We also learn that the police might have attacked without provocation and there is a lot of violence in the blood of both Protestant and Catholics. This source, like others can be read two ways it can show two sides to an uncomprimised story. However it is sources like these that did infact add insult to injury, in that it was probably sold to papers and both Catholics and Protestant would be outraged reading this. One side could feel disgusted that uniformed officers are acting in this way at a peaceful civil rights march. And the other side could say that the media is quick to snap a photograph of a RUC officer beating a marcher but where is the photograph showing the cause for their attack IE violent marchers or perhaps a weapon of some sort. So really this source has not helped either side prove or gain in any way but just aggravated the situation. Source I is a photograph of a violent situation where loyalist ambush civil rights marchers at Burntollet in January 1969. This picture is not very clear and does not tell us much about the ambush. As the picture is not clear you cannot tell whether there is actual violence. This piece of evidence is primary but it could be bias. There seems to be something censored in the photograph as every one is looking in the direction direction were it is censored. This source source doesn't really help add more tension between the two sides but it does stir a little fire I think. Source c is telling us of a man who was in a pub before the incident, where Para troopers told him â€Å"they were going to clear the Bog.† Which when added to what I have read in the â€Å"Bloody Sunday† gives an idea that they had an intention to go in and fire and they were expecting trouble. Source B tells us that as time progressed so did science and so the forensic evidence was able to change for the better, as this source tells us that a lot of evidence was changed. The Para troopers used illegal weapons. I think that this source is linking with source C to say that the Para troopers were abusing Their Powers that day. Source A: Paras in bloody Sunday evidence Storm. Source A is from a newspaper report dated Friday 17th September 1999, bloody Sunday occurred 30th January 1972. There is approximately 27 years and nine months between this event and the report. Although the report is not trying to interperate the events of Bloody Sunday it does them. The report also discusses enquiries that are going on presently about bloody Sunday, again 27 years ago. This is just one example amongst many that clearly illustrates how an event so big in history is discussed even years after it occurs. Although compared to a historical event such as the battle of Hastings, Bloody Sunday is quite recent, it is perhaps this fact that makes it hard to determine what happened that day. For example we have limited source work/ evidence or exact knowledge of the battle of Hastings but for Bloody Sunday we have plentiful, which is why I guess that it makes it harder to judge what really happened. Witnesses and evidence contradict each other through bias in their stories and the sides that they take. Photographic evidence can be read two ways as can scientific and again this will be perceived through the side that you take. It is the evidence that contradicts itself and other hard facts. It is because the evidence can be read in two ways that it has produced so many interpretations and will continue to do so throughout time. Looking at Bloody Sunday is a bit like analyzing the color red. Depending on the perceiver's personality or current state of mind red can be viewed in many different ways. It can show passion, aggression, rage, danger, royalty, love, authority or hate. Neither of the above are correct and neither are incorrect but we can all agree that if there is an underlying emotion that we associate with something visual i.e the color red, it will be enhanced once the two meet. It is in the same way that we may view the events of Bloody Sunday. There is underlying emotions within people concerning that day and these can be brought to light by different factors. Depending on what it is that the person involved has connected as a visual stimulant different things will arouse different emotions.

HowI to Make Ice-Cream

I have always enjoyed entertaining people in my home. Over the years I have discovered three requirements to make entertaining successful: creating a relaxing atmosphere, providing lots of good food, and having many amusing things to do. As far as creating a relaxing atmosphere is concerned, there are many ways to accomplish this. One way is by inviting guests that are compatible. Another way to provide a relaxing atmosphere is to make sure that guests have something in common. Pleasant conversation is always a must, and it leads to a most relaxing atmosphere.Depending on the particular occasion,  it is also possible to add atmosphere with decorations such as hats and horns at a birthday party or ghosts and jack o'lanterns at a Halloween part y. If I can create an atmosphere that is both friendly and relaxing, my entertaining is off to a good start. I find my favorite part of entertaining is preparing a bounty of good food. I love to cook and experiment with different types of food s for many different occasions. One of the easiest types of food preparation for a party is the buffet, a dining arrangement featuring a table laden with plenty of food, organized so that the guests can walk around the table from both sides and  fill their plates.I can set up a simple buffet with turkey and roast beef slices, salads, hot vegetables, and succulent desserts. Coffee and tea or soft drinks are the common beverages that are served with a buffet. If I decide to, I can also serve mixed drinks. I find it quite a challenge to try different styles of cooking for parties. It gives me the opportunity to create new and different dishes. One of my specialties is a Mexican meal of enchiladas, tacos, and refried beans, served with cold iced tea. Another of my specialties is an Italia n meal of spaghetti, accompanied with piping hot garlic bread fresh from the oven.This meal can be highlighted by serving a chilled red wine. I’ve found that good food is a complement to any t ype of entertaining. After I have created a relaxing atmosphere and filled my guests’ stomachs with good food, the last item on the agenda is amusement. I can amuse my guests in a variety of ways. When I entertain, several card tables are set up with many different games on them: card games such as pinochle, euchre, and Rook and party games like Aggravation and Yachtzee. Of course, there are always some guests who do not enjoy playing games.They can be entertained with pleasant conversation. Also, it is always fun to gather around a piano or organ to sing songs like â€Å"Yankee Doodle,† â€Å"Down In The Valley,† and â€Å"The Yellow Rose of Texas. † Generally, if there is a variety of amusements provided, the guests will entertain themselves by joining in whatever they find enjoyable. There are two ways to determine the success of my party. One guaranteed way is checking to see if I have provided my guests with the three necessities I have mentioned: a relaxing atmosphere, plenty of food, and a variety of entertainment. Another method of judging the success of my party is watching my guests to see if they are enjoying themselves as the evening progresses.

Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Paper 1 - Essay Example The following essay looks at Cuneiform scripts, what it says about the culture, how it is important to the culture and its relation to the textbook. The cuneiform scripts were a witness to one of the world’s oldest literate cultures. For over a three millennia period, it was the vehicle of communication in the great Mesopotamia region. The development of cuneiform scripts in the Mesopotamian culture can be traced back to the changes that were taking place during the Uruk period. Such changes led to an increase in the size of cities and towns which led to an increase in population centers around the south of the region. The increase in one region led to massive surpluses in resources that led to the need for a centralized government to organize labor and manage the surpluses in resources. The form of authority recognized at that particular period included temple that began to appear. There was a considerable development increase in temple sizes highlighting the resources that were in surplus supply (Tignor et al. 52). The temples increased in both number and size in towns with high population sizes to signify a centralized form of authority. The rise of the economic status in terms of wealth and personal property of the population in the Mesopotamia region led to a stratified society. The nature is shown by the bevel-rimmed bowls which were produced in mass. The ownership of cylinder seals indicated not only wealth, but they also acted as a symbol of authority (Tignor et al. 55). The cylinders contained various markings and, therefore, this led to the development of writing in pictograms. As the pictograms continue, scripts were developing, and its use evolves. Through the Mesopotamian evolving lifestyle, economic status, the need for a centralized authority, cuneiform form of writing and the script develops. The cuneiform, therefore, shows an increasingly rich population, a culture in need of

Refrace week 4 dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Refrace week 4 dq - Essay Example His actions however were never authorised by the UBS organisation. There was no communication back and forth . Verhezen (2010) discusses the stress on ‘voice’ in an organisation’s culture. The members of such a group must have a voice which others can both hear and understand. If this does not happen it could be because they are avoiding communication , a form of passive evasion. It can also be the result of an unwillingness to conform to the group’s usual rules . If this is seen to be important to an organisation then all its members, at whatever level in the company, must be free to raise questions and to discuss the existing guidelines . If implementing of the current guidelines is found to be unfair or biased in some way, then the fact that they are just accepted isn’t a good thing. If the actions such as those undertaken by this trader are judged to be morally wrong, then he is actually taking action against the norms of the organization . Top management should be the people who keep a company on track and if the actions of those lower down the hierarchy are neither praised of chastised, then this ‘silence’ on the part of the bosses will be interpreted as silently giving support to the action of individuals day by day. When such actions are participated in by large numbers of employees these actions becomes part of the company culture, whatever the official ethos or mission statement. The behaviour therefore becomes considered to be approved of and acceptable until the day comes when disaster strikes, as in this case. Only then do the actions become overt and are labelled as being at the least unethical, and in an extreme case as worthy of a criminal charge The problem is that no one , except their own conscience, polices those at the very top. If top management work only to please the board , without more careful consideration of ethical issues, then control and reputations may well be lost

From Victim to Vicious - Column by Charles Blow Essay

From Victim to Vicious - Column by Charles Blow - Essay Example It is quite possible that Romney is attempting to divert attention from the weak points of his campaign such as his unwillingness to make information about his tax returns public, among others. These claims by Romney may just work against his favor especially considering that he is accusing a relatively popular president of making vicious attacks against him. This might not go very well with the public because of the fact that Obama’s controversial issues have already been dealt with and accepted by the public during the previous elections and raising these issues further will only help the Obama campaign. Recent polls asking who had better personal character to assume the presidency showed that Obama would more likely be elected than Romney. Furthermore, Romney’s complete refusal to reveal his income tax returns may lead to the continued distrust of the electorate and ruin his chances of getting elected. Voter Suppression and Political Polls – Column by Charles Blow Polls are used to determine the trend, which voters are most likely to follow during an election but these polls are becoming insignificant due to the new voter registration laws, which are being put in place especially in vote swinging states such as Pennsylvania. Many likely voters in the swing states intend to vote for President Obama but it is these who are most likely to be excluded from the voting roles due to their ineligibility to vote under the new laws. Both presidential candidates have made numerous visits to swing states in an attempt to get a larger share of votes within these states than their opponents. Moreover, some governors, especially in Florida, have made it harder for former felons to vote and since most of these ex-felons are either of Latino or African American descent who tend to vote Democrat, it means that Obama will most likely lose crucial votes in these states. It is not known exactly how many voters are aware of these new electoral rules due to th e fact that not many people follow news about the upcoming elections and the changes which have been made to electoral laws. It is suspected that many people who are expected to vote for their preferred candidates (in this case President Obama) might be turned away due to the fact of their ineligibility. The new election laws have been pushed by Republicans in order to suppress the ability of Democratic voters to vote in large numbers, thus ensuring Republican victories in these states. Anglo-Saxon Heritage, Multicultural Future – Column by Charles Blow An article on The Daily Telegraph in July quoted and advisor to Mitt Romney as saying that the special relationship between Britain and the United States existed mainly because of a shared Anglo-Saxon heritage and that the current administration does not appreciate it. This remark can be taken by some to be extremely racist because only a minority of Americans identifies their ancestry to be English. Such comments from an advi sor to a presidential candidate may clearly display the real attitudes of that particular candidate and the negative influences that will be a part of his administration. The Romney campaign did not completely deny or retract that particular statement nor did they make an apology for

Organisational Behaviour and Its Practical Relevance Essay

Organisational Behaviour and Its Practical Relevance - Essay Example Globalization, liberalization and privatization have caused immense changes in the business sector and organizations forced to change their behaviour and strategies in accordance with the demands of the modern world. Outsourcing and offshoring like business strategies were established in the current business world even though such strategies were not there even in the distant dreams of the business Gurus, a couple of decades before. Motivational theories and human resource management principles also undergone drastic changes because of the huge diversification and internationalization of business happened in the present century. This paper discusses the current organizational behaviour in general and the topics such as motivation, diversity and psychological contract etc in particular to learn more about the current trends in organizational behaviour. It is crucial for the development of an organization to develop and maintain a motivated team of professionals. The psychological and sociological theories of human life have undergone drastic changes because of the rapid changes in life philosophies and life styles. Most of the traditional theories with respect to motivation has been changed a lot in order to accommodate new things suitable for the needs of the modern generation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational theories were developed as part of the modification process of the organizational behaviour.

Accounting and taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting and taxation - Essay Example The employment status of an employee has been categorized as employed or self-employed.This categorization is based upon the terms and conditions of the relevant association.It is important to mention that such classification is important as separate rules have been promulgated which are applicable to specific conditions of employment in special circumstances. It is important for an employee to realise that he/she should be aware of her job description along with lists of the designated authorities to whom he/she is responsible. It is significant to evaluate the capacity of your designation, which shall be verified against the standard classification of employed or self-employed, "it is important to know whether you are working for that person in an employed capacity or in a self-employed capacity as an independent contractor". This classification is significant in terms of imposition of tax bracket, the employment status is crucial to determine "the charge to tax on income from that employment or self-employment, and determines the class of NICs, which are to be paid" (Helen, 2000).The differentiation between the self-employed and employed is possible after evaluation of "contract of service or under a contract for services". It is important with reference to tax and NIC that "there is no statutory definition of a contract of service or of a contract for services", it is indeed the relationship towards the institution which is significant in assessment. The application of common law principles is critical for the determination of the nature of a contact. The courts have developed specific factors and assessment, the affirmative response towards series of factors helps in the classification of employed personnel. The questions includes, "do they have to do the work themselves; can someone tell them at any time what to do, where to carry out the work or when and how to do it; can they work a set amount of hours; can someone move them from task to task; are they paid by the hour, week, or month; can they get overtime pay or bonus payment". The affirmative response towards following suggest the strong possibility of self-employed personnel, "can they hire someone to do the work or engage helpers at their own expense; do they risk their own money; do they provide the main items of equipment they need to do their job, not just the small tools that many employees provide for themselves; do they agree to do a job for a fixed price regardless of how long the job may take; can they decide what work to do, how and when to do the work and where to provide the services; do they regularly work for a number of different people; do they have to correct unsatisfactory work in their own time and at their own expense" (Helen, 2000). As per legal regulations, contract has been regarded as oral and/or implied agreement between minimum two parties. The common elements of valid contract service and contract for services include, "the intention to enter into le gal relations; an offer (usually of work) and its acceptance (an agreement); consideration (for example, in return for performing work the worker receives payment)". The establishment of contact is essential, it is also important to settle the terms and conditions of the contract against "case law laid down by the courts over the years" (Greg, 2006). Issues The legal requirement envisaged by the courts include "basic approach to identify the factors present; weigh those that point to self-employment against those that point the other way; and then stand back and consider the picture that emerges" (Helen, 2000). The contract shall include the discussed features, which shall essentially reflect the nature of employment and will assist in differentiation of employment status. The understanding and interpretation of relationship between the parties is not of significant interest, "it is the reality of the relationship that matters, the intention of the parties has to be taken into account and can be decisive where the relationship is ambiguous

Village Hotels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Village Hotels - Essay Example Since it has beaches everyone likes to visit these hotels. Â  The new married couples or the one who wants to enjoy their relationship frequents these village hotels. They are a source of primary income for the village hotels. They provide all facilities and offers discounts that make the hotel fares reasonable. Hawaiian hotels are very famous for couples. They provide everything from good food to excellent service and guide the tourists regarding historical places. Â  Village hotels provide special facilities for businessmen. They provide them conference halls, auditorium, dining halls, etc. Wedding and grand parties are one of the important sources of income. Hotels provide all the facilities needed. The fares depend on the number of people coming to the party or space available in the hotel. Â  Village hotels have to make special arrangements in summer and on Christmas. During summer most of the people want to spend time with their families. Since summer vacations would be declared children would love to visit new places. The resorts offer special discounts for them. Places like Thailand, Goa, Hawaii, etc., are the most preferred village hotels. Â  Everyone has their own taste and prefers them very much.

Natureview Yogurt Essay Example for Free

Natureview Yogurt Essay Natureview Farm has a few basic goals in this case. Goal 1: Natureview needs to increase its revenues to $20 million before the end of 2001. Goal 2: Natureview must maintain its strong brand image. Goal 3: Natureview must not turn its back on its loyal customers, suppliers, and distributors. Strengths * Natureview produces yogurt with a family recipe that uses completely natural ingredients and is also organic. Natureview does not use milk from cows that are artificially enhanced with hormones. * Natureview yogurt has an average shelf life of 50 days, which is significantly higher than the competition’s shelf life. * Natureview deploys low-cost guerilla marketing. * Natureview is the leader in market share for yogurt in the Natural Foods Channel, holding 24% of the market share. * Strong brand image. Weaknesses * Natureview’s retail prices are significantly higher than the yogurt options in supermarkets. * Natureview currently only offers single 8-ounce cups and 32-ounce cups of yogurt. Natureview does not offer multipack yogurt products. * Natureview sells in a niche market of consumers who want organic yogurt. * Natureview must deal with a longer distribution channel compared with companies who operate in the supermarkets. Opportunities * Natureview operates in the organic foods market, which was predicted to grow from $6.5 billion in 1999 to $13.3 billion in 2003. * Organic yogurt was predicted to grow 20 percent per year from 2001 to 2006. * One product Natureview does not produce, multipacks, represented 9 percent of total yogurt sales in supermarkets, and was growing by 12.5 percent per year. * Natureview does not sell in supermarkets, but 97 percent of all yogurt consumed is bought in supermarkets. Furthermore, 46 percent of organic food customers bought organic products at supermarkets, compared to 29 percent who bought organic products at natural foods markets. * The overall market for yogurt is huge. 40 percent of the U.S. population consumes yogurt, with 70 percent of the purchasers being men. Threats * Horizon Organic has cash flows from a recent IPO and might gain first mover advantage into supermarkets. * Major companies, like Dannon, are rumored to be entering into the organic yogurt market. * As organic food becomes more popular, natural food markets may begin doing business as supermarkets do, which requires slotting fees and participation in trade promotions. Financial Analysis The financial analysis of the situation will begin with a look at the analysis of the yogurt costs, revenues, and margins in the natural food channel and the supermarket channel. Working backwards from the margins given in the case, and also Exhibit 3 of the case, which shows production costs and retail prices for yogurts by size and channel, a full set of numbers can be produced (see Figures 1 through 6).

Understanding Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Understanding Terrorism Essay The type of funding’s they used in the dirty war was, committing little petty crimes or credit card frauds. They used radiation and dirty bombs to create the explosions. The assets they used where from all over the country, they hid the material in vegetable oil. The Tactics they used to deceive the law enforcements were just to live a normal life. None of them had a criminal past, they were normal citizens in the laws eyes. The terrorist used a lot of phone cards. That’s how the police started catching on to what they were doing. The failures that the law enforcements had were they wasn’t ready for such a disaster. It also took them along time to catch on to what was happening right in front of their eyes. The general public couldn’t have stopped the attack no way possible. Other than telling the police that there was suspicious activity happening in their area, they could have been no help. Finally the law enforcements started putting clues together about the phone cards, the oil from the restaurant that was carrying the dirty bomb material in side. They were slightly too late for the first bomb but they caught the other two right in time. The part I didn’t understand is that all 3groups didn’t work together but they were going to detonate at the same time. I found that strange. The motive I saw from the movie was that it was religious purposes.

Study On The Paleolithic Age History Essay

Study On The Paleolithic Age History Essay The Paleolithic Age was a period of technology that was developed from stone. The advancements of the Neolithic Age lead to new technologies which introduced metal tools. Also the Neolithic houses were built of mud brick and were more secure compared to the Paleolithic shelters. Their dwellings were constructed sturdier because the people lived more stable lives and there was no need to be so mobile. The invention of pottery was another big advantage that the Neolithic people had over the Paleolithic people. The Neolithic Revolution led to settlements and the advancement of group living. Also, after the Neolithic revolution began more intricate community situations led to improved and more complex forms of communication. The Neolithic revolution also led to the growth of governments and higher forms of organization because now that people were living in settlements they started separating the labor. I also think trade stemmed from this revolution because now people would now trade the extra food that they grew for other things they did not have. Lastly in my opinion the Neolithic Revolution also lead to the change from a matriarchal classification to a more patriarchal classification. 2. The Caste System had many advantages and disadvantages. The first disadvantage in my opinion is that the weak were oppressed by the social and politically advantaged people in the name of faith and customs. I also think the Caste System brought about division and resentment that in turn evolved into disunity among the Indian Society. This made India weak against foreign invasion. The biggest disadvantage was that the caste system was based on birth rather than individual talent or skills. Lastly, I think the Caste System created an individual class called the untouchables which were treated less than human. An advantage to the Caste System is that it played an important part in shaping profitable activities in Indian Society. This was made feasible because a distinct system of shared interdependence through a division of labor forms protection for those within a group. Another advantage was that each caste became an expert in their own area of trade. I think the Caste System reflected Indian society in a very negative manner. The caste system at anytime is appalling, it is hypercritical, and without the feeling of affection. I think one major problem it caused was a power struggle between the Brahmins and Kshatriyas. I think the Caste System became an outcome of human greediness and arrogance and it developed into an awfully harsh system of prejudice and domination. 3. The first tenet of Zoroastrianism is the belief in a supreme and universal god. He is the designer, the maintainer, and he protects the good from the wicked. The second important tenet of Zoroastrianism is the belief in the duality of survival. Zoroastrians accept the fact that the earth is a combat zone between good and evil forces. The third tenet is the belief in the holiness of conception. The Zoroastrians believe his conception is holy and marvelous so they feel it is everyones job to keep it unpolluted and sustain order. The last tenet of Zoroastrianism is the belief in the divine character of the Earth and mankind. They believe the material world consisting of flames, water, atmosphere, dirt, vegetation, nature, and humans are much like the body of God. Zoroastrianism is very influential because it is one of the oldest existing religions on the planet. Zarathustra teachings were notice by the ancient Greek and Roman theorists who wrote about his life and teachings. Zoroastrianism brought about the perceptions of Heaven and Hell; the idea that humans have free will faced the judgment by God after death. It basically paved the way for the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Before Zoroastrians influence the Hebrew Bible made no reference of a physical or emotional revitalization. Christianity is believed to be taught through the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth and Zoroastrianism is taught through the prophesy of Zarathustra. These two religions have many similarities. The one similarity that stood out to me was that in both religions there is a belief in afterlife. Also in both religions there is a constant struggle between good and evil. The last thing that stood out was the fact that each religion believed that mankind should have free will. 6. When comparing and contrasting the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism you will first notice that both of these religions originated in the South Asia region. The one thing that stood out to me was that even though they had similar customs and values, they had very different ideas on matters of social organization. The two religions also differ on the ideas of the importance of individual freedom to progress both socially and spiritually. Another big difference is that there was not a specific founder of Hinduism. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in 563 B.C. and Hinduism is more of a collection of different religions and cultures. In Hinduism a person must live their life through Dharma which is a sense of obligation. Through this a person can fulfill his roles in society and the world. In Buddhism a person must live their life through Dharma, which has no social obligations but sets up a definition of right behavior and responsibility. This is done so a person can escape the cycle of suffering and rebirth or samaras and achieve nirvana. In both religions they believe in the process of reincarnation and the effects of Karma. In conclusion, Hinduism and Buddhism both influenced India even though both influenced it in dissimilar ways. The major way that Hinduism influenced India is by the Caste System. The Caste System is the order of social classes of India, and is still acknowledged by some in India, although it is now prohibited. Buddhism influenced India mostly in ways of art with many sculptures which were made in the likeness of Buddha. Buddhists cultured ways of getting in touch with their internal character through the technique of meditation. Buddhists believed in both karma and dharma. Hindus construe this as if reincarnated into an improved social class coming nearer to evading suffering would be possible. 7. The Pax Romana was a time of harmony in the Mediterranean that lasted from the control of Augustus to the reign of Marcus Aurelius. The most outstanding characteristic of this period was the fact that there were two hundred continuous years of peace within Rome. Under this peace time, Augustus was able to extend his reign to Asia Minor. The economy also prospered within this time period by improving many harbors, building roads, clearing forests, and by turning unused land into farms. In my opinion this is also a time where there was an architectural revolution. The Pax Romana was a period of time that proved to be an example of five good rulers. The beginning of the Pax Romana began with the reign of Augustus and lasted forty-five years until his death. As ruler he was able to create a Roman Empire that had a much more balanced foundation. After his death, Rome had a few years of bad rulers. In my opinion The Roman Empire wasnt totally unified during this period. I also think the Pax Romana should not be spoken as the point in time of Roman tranquility which the name itself suggests. The Romans did remunerate wars during this period and there were common strifes as leaders were assassinated and tyranny was fluent. However, it was a time of wealth and progress in every sense. There were many similarities between the Pax Romana and Han China empires, length, area, economic transformation, and territorial expansion stood out to me the most. However, in my judgment the differences are more interesting. Political assimilation in China was obtained by the increase of Confucian values, characters of the emperors, and a bureaucratic government. The powerful Roman law was emphasized over their fragile system of government. Mysticism of emperors was not as dangerous politically, even though many made claim for the position. I think one of the greatest similarities is the development of technology and architecture and also the change in government policies. The major difference in my opinion was the fact that the Roman Empire turned their government into a republic and Han China maintained the structure of the Qin Empire. 8. The main achievements of the Roman Empire was the size of the empire, the advancement of its bureaucratic system, and they had one of the most well-organized, efficient, and vicious armies that the world has ever seen. In my opinion one major limitation that helped effect Romes fall was that usually Roman armies had more allegiance to their general than the state. I feel this contributed to constant civil war which plagued Rome during a large amount of its record. I also think that a very advanced culture would be an achievement of Rome. I also want to add that another limitation is that Rome suffered from a long period of terrible rulers and even with the development of technology wasnt enough to hold this great empire together. One key turning point in Roman History was the overthrow of the Tarquin monarchy by Junius Brutus in 509 BC. After this Rome never converts back to a monarchy. The republic of Rome was then ruled by the Senate and its assembly. I also think the Punic Wars were another major turning point in Roman history. After the Second Punic War, Rome paved the road for its power over Italy and established itself as the main power in the western Mediterranean. This bought about power and wealth to almost the entire region. The last turning point I want to mention is the year of the five emperors. This was the turning point that in my opinion started the decline of the Roman Empire. I think Romes legacy would be that they paved the way for western civilization. I also think the architecture of the Roman Empire was very dominant for its era in history. The Romans also contributed too many changes in British landscape. I also believe that much of Romes literature and writing has influenced the world. Lastly, the Romans will always be remembered because they had the best, well-organized, efficient, and vicious armies that the world has ever seen.

A Comparison of the Grendel of Beowulf and Gardners Grendel :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of the Grendel of Beowulf and Gardner's Grendel The novel Grendel by John Gardner portrays a significantly different picture of Grendel than the epic poem Beowulf paints. Grendel is a non-human being who posses human qualities. In either story it is not specified what type of being Grendel is, nor does it tell of what exactly Grendel looks like. The only idea the reader has of the sight of Grendel is the small hints either author gives. We know he stands on two feet as humans do, we know he is covered in hair, and we know he is monstrous. Although there are many significant differences between the two stories there is one idea that stands out the most when I read Grendel. That idea is in the poem Beowulf, Grendel is portrayed a large animalistic beast. This gives the reader the feeling that Grendel is solely driven by his animal instincts and does not posses the same thought processes as humans do. For example the line "the monster stepped on the bright paved floor, crazed with evil anger; from his strange eyes an ugly light shone out like fire" (Beowulf line 725), proves this point. In the novel however this point lacks development. Rather Grendel is portrayed as a confused creature passing through life looking for answers. Surprisingly Grendel walks the forest in harmony with the animals. He does not act like the blood hungry beast he is seen as in Beowulf. In the novel -- Grendel is walking the forest and comes across a doe. He notices that the doe is staring in fright and suddenly runs away. One would assume from the ideas hinted in Beowulf that Grendel would have attacked the deer. However Grendel appears upset with the deer's actions. He says; " Blind Prejudice" (Gardner 7) "Ah, the unfairness of everything, I say and shake my head. It is a matter of fact that I have never killed a deer in all my life, and never will." (Gardner 8) Grendel is a confused creature. Since he walks alone he has more than enough time to think about his life. He always used to ask his mother " why are we here" (Gardner 11) the only way he realized the truth was from

eating disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

Eat to live – don’t live to eat (or not to). This is very hard for a person with an eating disorder to understand since food is their tool for handling the stress and anxiety in their lives. Eating disorders affect millions of Americans each year (Eating Disorders 1). The most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Compulsive Overeating. These disorders are serious, and, when taken to extremes, can be life threatening as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All eating disorders arise from a combination of long-standing psychological, interpersonal, and social conditions (Gurze 24). Several other factors such as family and personal problems, a low self-esteem, and the desire for the â€Å"ideal† body may also contribute to the development of an eating disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders have reached epidemic levels. Over seven million women and one million men, children and adolescents have an eating disorder. Eighty-six percent report onset of illness by age 20, and seventy-seven percent report duration of illness from one to fifteen years. Only fifty percent report being cured. The cost of treating an eating disorder is often extremely expensive with the potential to extend over $100,000 (Ratner 17). Once an eating disorder has begun, it becomes a long-term (sometimes lifetime-long) cycle of dieting, bingeing and purging, or excessive eating. A person with an eating disorder becomes trapped in this endless cycle and needs professional physiological and psychological help to break through the chains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eating disorders, just as any other addiction, are a reaction to a low self- esteem and a negative means of coping with life and stress. Others may use alcohol, drugs, and even compulsive gambling as a way to cope with their problems. To someone with an eating disorder, their illness is a means of incorporating control into their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia Nervosa, a disorder of self- starvation, manifests itself in a complete refusal of food and can cause psychological, endocrine, and gynecological problems. An anorexic person will turn to obsessive dieting and starvation as a way to control not only their weight, but also their feelings and actions regarding the emotions attached (Definition of Anorexia Nervosa 1). Some physiological characteristics of Anorexia Nervo... ...abuse. Clinical depression can also lead to an eating disorder. But, no matter how much research is done, never will a person without an eating disorder understand why a person with an eating disorder thinks and acts the way they do. All in all, eating disorders are very complex emotional issues. Though they may seem to be nothing more than a dangerously obsessive weight concern on the surface, for those suffering with eating disorders there are deeper emotional conflicts to be resolved. Works Cited â€Å"Definition of Anorexia Nervosa.† Something Fishy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://something-fishy.org/anox.htm. 25 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Definition of Bulimia Nervosa.† Something Fishy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.something-fishy.org/bul.htm. 25 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Eating Disorders.† Mental Health Net.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.eatingdisorders.cmhc.com. 22 Apr. 2000: 1. â€Å"Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa.† Mental Health Net.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cmhc.com/factsfam/anorexia.htm. 22 Apr. 2000: 1. Gurze 2000 Eating Disorders Resource Catalogue, The. 28 Apr. 2000: 24. Ratner, Kathryn M.S.W., L.S.W. â€Å"Eating Disorders.† 21 Apr. 2000: 6,7,17.

Private vs Public Essay

Most parents these days find themselves asking the question which school would be better for their children private or public school. Their decision leans on which one provides the higher quality or standard of learning for students. There is also the factor which school would help their child become more well rounded . While public and private school both provide an education private school has more motivation in students, an appropriate learning environment, and a more narrow focus. The students that go to private school are completely motivated. the students that go to private school go because they want to learn. Then again maybe because they may not know a difference if they have gone to private school all their life. The work in private school is harder , and pushes students to be the best they can be so they can reach their full potential. The students that go to private school don’t have as many distractions so they are naturally more motivated to focus on school. Private school has a superior environment for one reason because its classes are smaller. Smaller classes mean more one on one time with the teacher, less distractions and more focus on school work. The environment also has a decreased amount of bullies and problem children due to stricter rules punishment, and less leniency. That in turns goes back to being able to focus on school work, and not on problems. With private school there is a more narrow focus seeing as they are not very big on extra curricular activities. Private schools main focus is on school with few distractions. Public school has a wider variety of activities and clubs which can help students grow and be good at something other than school. Not having as many distractions helps with more learning, but more activities let’s you express yourself and not only become book smart but street smart as well. when seeing what private and public school have to offer the choice is clear that private school is the superior choice. While public school has more activities and freedom to express yourself the whole point of going to school is to learn. That’s why private school is fitter for that job because it has a more narrow focus. Private school also has a environment that makes it easier for learning and less problems among students. The students that go to private school are pushed to be the best they can be so they have stronger motivation. While public school has many points that private school does not private school overall has more positives and less negatives than public school and has a greater learning environment for the students to excel.

Movie Review of Canterbury Tales

The British film entitled A Canterbury Tale was released in 1944 and directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. The movie was successful enough in adapting the themes of Chaucer’s creation. It is a mixture of Comedy Drama which enticed the audience and kept them tuck in their seats. The magnificent genre and plot was performed artistically by actors and actresses in the film.The film depicts the era of the 14th century, giving audience a glimpse of what really happened during that time. The Canterbury Tales (written form) is one of the greatest works done during the 14th century but for a work to be considered â€Å"the work of the century† it must exemplify the major events that happened during that period. Good thing that the directors successfully gave audience a clear representation of the book by Chaucer.The film was set in Britain and deals with the system of locking up young daughters as part of the policy adopted by Thomas Colpepper, J.P. (Erick Portman) in the film. In order to escape from he claws of Portman, Sgt. Peter Gibbs (Dennis Price) who is a British tank sergeant led the troop on a journey towards many discoveries.He traveled with Alison Smith (Sheila Sim) a shopkeeper and American GI Bob Johnson (John Sweet). They traveled towards Canterbury. The journey of the main characters made them discover many things about life. The stereotypical notion about Yankees was reversed by Sweet’s experience as he met his true love along the way to Canterbury. There is magic in every life of the characters and the actors and actresses played their part very well.The movie is also magnificent in terms of cinematography since there are scenes that made it possible for audience to see themselves united with the characters. The camera angles are set in a way that viewers will see the emotion of the characters more clearly.The Canterbury Tales as it were, holds a mirror to the life of the Chaucer’s age and shows it manners and m orals completely, â€Å"not in fragments†. The director of the film replaces effectively the shadowy delineations of the old romantic and allegorical school with the vivid and pulsating pictures of contemporary life that made the film more appealing. Chaucer’s tone as a poet is wonderfully instinct with geniality, tolerance, humor, and freshness which are absent from that of his contemporaries and predecessors who are too dreamy or too serious to be interesting.Another thing that made the film outstanding is the variation of characters in terms of profession, experiences in life and point of views. Although the film was made in black and white, viewers can still enjoy watching because of the plot and the theme. A Canterbury Tale film was adopted from The Canterbury Tales of Geoffrey Chaucer, and loosely uses Chaucer's theme of unconventional characters on a pilgrimage' to highlight the period of war, the experiences of the citizens of Kent and persuade the friendship a nd understanding of Anglo-American.The film was shot in locations like Kent countryside. It is a representation of the real environment were war is rampant and in Canterbury itself. Large participation of people was also utilized since there is a need for crowd performances like river battles and children activities. It creates a dynamic and interactive environment that made viewers enticed.The directors of the film made the characters detailed and true to life-like because he intended to make the viewers of the time reflect on their actions. The film shows clearly the good and bad situations in Canterbury, and it was intended to be easily understood by the audience.

Alcohol and Advertising Essay

â€Å"Alcohol is not often thought of as a drug – largely because its use is common for both religious and social purposes in most parts of the world. It is a drug, however, and compulsive drinking in excess has become one of modern society’s most serious problems† (ARF). This is so true because many people don’t consider alcohol a drug but the effects it has on you are so serious that it should be. â€Å"The effects of drinking do not depend on the type of alcoholic beverage – but rather on the amount of alcohol consumed on a specific occasion† (ARF). To give you a background on alcohol, here is a quick refresher on how it works and the effects it has on your body. â€Å"Alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine, and less rapidly from the stomach and colon. The drinker’s blood alcohol concentration depends on the amount consumed in a given time, the drinker’s size, sex, body build, and metabolism, and the type and amount of food in the stomach† (ARF). The effects of alcohol are very frightening to even consider. They depend on â€Å"the amount taken at one time, the user’s past drug experience, the manner in which the drug is taken and the circumstances under which the drug is taken† (ARF). At 50mg you experience mild intoxication which includes a â€Å"feeling of warmth, skin flushed; impaired judgment and decreased inhibitions† (ARF). From there you can go all the way down to 500mg which will more than likely cause death. It is an extremely scary thought to know that a substance that can cause death is freely advertised on television so that even our children can see it. In fact, they are the targets of some manufacturers marketing. In this paper we will show you both sides of whether alcohol companies should be allowed to advertise on television or not and then give you our conclusion. No – Alcohol Advertising Should Not Be Allowed On Television Alcohol companies should not be allowed to advertise on television. In today’s society, more and more children are spending all of their free time in front of a television. They don’t go outside and play anymore, they just come home from school and flip on Jerry Springer or a soap opera. Adults need to take the responsibility to protect children from undue influences as much as they can. Banning alcohol advertisements would be a simple way to help this process. In a recent study done by the Center for Media Education (CME), they found that many alcohol companies actually target youth even though it is illegal for them to drink. Companies use such things as â€Å"cartoons, personalities, language, music, or branded merchandise popular in youth culture or which would be particularly attractive to college or high-school-aged students† (CME). This shows a blatant attempt on their part to recruit new consumers who are underage. There have been previous attempts to stop alcohol companies from targeting youth such as the Voluntary Alcohol Advertising Standards for Children Act, but that is just the thing, it is voluntary. This is a try at making themselves look responsible but they still really aren’t. This Act pressures broadcasters to simply not run alcohol advertisements. It shouldn’t be the responsibility of the broadcasters to filter what goes on the air. Alcohol companies should not waste their money making these ads to begin with. Instead, they need to target a more mature audience who have the right to consume their products. The beer and liquor companies claim they don’t target youth but how can that be when you see the â€Å"Budweiser frogs or the Coors’ â€Å"Tap the Rockies† campaigns or Seagram’s dogs and Hiram Walker’s Kahlua Mudslide† (Hacker). Many of these companies have, in the past, even advertised on the youth-oriented MTV. Anheuser-Busch just recently pulled their ads off MTV. â€Å"Why did it take 10 years since â€Å"age-21† became the law of the land for the world’s largest brewer to stop competing for attention on MTV with ads for pimple control products and sports equipment† (Hacker)? â€Å"Indeed the evidence is that even young children are aware of alcohol advertisements and tend to remember them. Manufacturers further reduce the chances of young people failing to get the message by sponsorship of sports teams and events and music concerts having particular appeal to the young† (IAS). â€Å"Today, kids are bombarded by more than $700 million in beer, wine, and liquor ads on radio and television. Those ads encourage them to drink, and they bolster unacceptable levels of alcohol consumption among young people and the problems that go with it† (Hacker). When considering the Budweiser frogs, â€Å"a recent study by the San Francisco-based Center on Alcohol Advertising tested commercial and character recall among 9-11 year olds. The results: the children demonstrated higher recall (73%) of the Budweiser frogs’ slogan than of the slogans associated with other television animal characters, including Tony the Tiger (57%), Smokey the Bear (43%), and the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (39%). Only Bugs Bunny did slightly better, at 80% recall of â€Å"Eh, what’s up doc? † Overall, 81% of the children surveyed identified beer as the product promoted by the frogs† (Hacker). This is a scary revelation, that our children know more about beer ads than the cartoon characters who promote good products. There are too many people who are hurting themselves and others as a result of alcohol abuse. In the past, there have been studies done that find there is nothing wrong with alcohol companies advertising on TV, but a study done by the Marin Institute found differently. â€Å"’Until now, most of the studies done on the subject conclude that alcohol advertising doesn’t affect drinking behavior,’ says Henry Saffer, research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, ‘The alcohol industry uses these studies to bolster its argument that advertising only induces people to switch brands. These studies keep coming and find nothing because they set themselves up to find nothing’† (Abramson). â€Å"The NIAAA estimates that 14 million Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence and about 100,000 Americans die each year from alcohol-related injuries, one-fourth of them on the highways† (Abramson). Granted that these are not just children but they had to start somewhere too and more than likely they began drinking at a young age. One way to help reduce these injuries and deaths is to create counter-ads. â€Å"Consumption decreases as the level of counter-advertising rises. Counter-advertising could be funded by taxing alcohol advertising† (Abramson). The study done by Saffer at the Marin Institute was a long one, it took three years to complete. â€Å"’Most researchers have little money and use inexpensive or free data on alcohol advertising expenditures that measure advertising at the national level with little annual change’, says Saffer. ‘I was able to obtain quarterly data that cost more than $25,000 from 75 cities, and that made all the difference’† (Abramson). With all of his resources he was able to come to some concrete results using a proven theory. â€Å"Saffer used a theory known as the advertising response function, which says that consumption rises as advertising increases, bus as advertising reaches the point of saturation, consumption tapers off. To measure consumption, he used highway fatalities, more than 40 percent of which involve alcohol consumption† (Abramson). â€Å"Saffer’s statistical analyses of advertising expenditures showed that decreasing alcohol advertising reduces highway fatalities† (Abramson). Another survey done by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation gave remarkable results. â€Å"An overwhelming majority of Americans say they are worried about teen drinking and would support tough measures to help curb the problem† (New and Views). One particular finding was very interesting in that it said sixty-seven percent of Americans would support a ban on television advertising on liquor. If so many people want it, why isn’t on its way to becoming a law? â€Å"There are about 9 million drinkers under age 21 in the United States and half of them are binge drinkers. When they drink, teens increase their risk of violence, date rape, sexually transmitted diseases and injury or death in traffic accidents† (Health You). These kids had to learn it somewhere. Television is becoming a way of life for many teenagers and they take what is on it as the truth. For many of them, discerning between what is the truth and what is just great advertising becomes near impossible. They need help and it is our responsibility as adults to help them. There is legislation now from Representative Kennedy called the â€Å"Children’s Protection from Alcohol Advertising Act†. This â€Å"would eliminate advertising and marketing practices that have the most impact on young people. Remaining ads would, for the first time, honestly reflect that alcohol is the number-three killer in America today, taking a toll of 100,000 lives yearly. Those ads would bear a rotating series of health and safety messages, reminding all viewers and listeners of some of the major risks related to drinking. In addition, alcoholic-beverage product labels, for the first time, would be required to reveal comprehensive, useful consumer information, such as ingredients, calories, and alcohol content, expressed in unit serving terms† (Hacker). The bill would answer the concerns of many parents and adults who feel the alcohol companies go too far in targeting youths. Alcohol companies need to be more responsible for who they target and they should also be prepared to handle the consequences of their actions as more and more people die as a result of their products. They are the ones that should be held accountable for the deaths of so many innocent people. They also should include in their advertisements the real facts. Doing this may deter people from becoming alcohol abusers. The companies do not do this though, â€Å"By definition, alcohol advertising is one-sided, avoiding any reference to the negative aspects of alcohol consumption† (IAS). They need to tell the truth and the truth is that alcohol does no good for anyone, it only hurts and destroys people and the people around them. Yes – Alcohol Advertising Should Be Allowed On Television â€Å"Advertising increases alcohol consumption, which increases alcohol abuse†¦right? WRONG. There is no solid evidence from either scientific research or practical experience that this theory of advertising is correct† (Advertising Impact). Alcohol is a legal substance so why wouldn’t it be allowed to be advertised on television? The First Amendment to the Constitution gives us the right to free speech. The American Advertising Federation opposes any effort to restrict truthful advertising about any product or service. â€Å"The U. S. Supreme Court has affirmed that truthful commercial speech enjoys the free speech protections of the First Amendment – including speech about so-called sin products. The government’s right to ban a product does not give it the right to ban speech about the product† (AAF). The AAF does not want restrictions to even begin, â€Å"bans on advertising for one product or service inevitably will lead to bans on advertising for others. Censorship is contagious† (AAF). There are some that believe that the advertising would be okay if they would agree to put warnings on the advertisements. â€Å"The alcohol industry believes that the proposed requirement of warnings in alcohol advertisements is an infringement of their First Amendment rights† (Kelly). The advertising the alcohol industry does do is simply to keep the customers they already have. â€Å"The focus of alcohol advertising is to encourage existing drinkers to maintain their brand preference, or to switch brands, and that it is not intended to attract new customers† (Kelly). â€Å"Much of the debate concerns the possible effects on children and young people. The Advertising Codes prohibit the specific targeting of minors† (IAS). Most children who watch television may like the cartoon characters but that isn’t going to make them go out and demand alcohol. They shouldn’t be allowed or able to obtain it so it shouldn’t really even matter if they see the advertisements for it. â€Å"The evidence also suggests that advertising is of less importance than other influences such as parental attitudes and example and peer group pressure† (IAS). Final Conclusions As you can see from our research, there is solid evidence that advertising alcohol on television needs to stop the way it is being done right now. There are entirely too many targets put onto young viewers. The industry may claim that it is not targeting them but there is really no explanation otherwise. Mother’s Against Drunk Driving (MADD) has come up with an exceptional set of rules for advertising alcohol on television. 1. Beverage alcohol advertising should not: a. portray or encourage drinking by individuals under the age of 21; b. use celebrities, music stars, athletes, animals, cartoon characters or other language or images that have special appeal to youth; c. depict sports, rock concerts, or other events with strong appeal to youth; or d. target spring break activities or cultural, sporting, or marketing events where it can be anticipated that a majority of the audience will be made up of people under age 21. 2. Beverage alcohol advertising should not include the licensing of youth-oriented clothing or toys that feature alcohol brand names, logos, or trade characters. 2. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by pregnant women or women who are seeking to become pregnant. 3. Beverage alcohol advertising should not model, suggest, or otherwise encourage heavy consumption. 4. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by alcoholics or other groups particularly vulnerable to alcohol abuse. 5. Beverage alcohol advertising should not state or imply that any level of alcohol consumption is risk-free or safe. 6. Beverage alcohol advertising should not associate alcohol consumption with high-risk activities or with situations that require alertness. 7. Beverage alcohol advertising should not depict revelry or hint at the possibility of inebriation. 8. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking as a means to achieve popularity or social acceptance, sexual appeal, or social or financial status. 9. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking in association with sexual passion, promiscuity, or any other amorous activity as a consequence of or in association with alcohol consumption. These rules would be wonderful if the alcohol companies would follow them. But, with the First Amendment backing them up, they are not going to change the way they market without a fight. The cartoons are working for them, so why should they change? There is a growing problem in this country with underage and binge drinking and these advertisements are only adding to the problem. We need to stop the problem at its root, which would mean taking the Budweiser frogs off the air. This is a great step toward reducing alcohol related deaths and injuries and it isn’t like the industry would be losing any money. They may even retain more profit because their advertising expense would be dramatically cut. We need to regulate these advertisements now! Bibliography American Advertising Federation (AAF). â€Å"AAF Position Statement: Alcohol Advertising Bans†. Available: http://www. aaf. org/bans. html Abramson, Hillary. The Marin Institute. â€Å"Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking†. Available: http://www. marininstitute. org/saffer. html Addiction Research Foundation (ARF). â€Å"Facts about Alcohol†. Available: http://www. arf. org/isd/pim/alcohol. html â€Å"Advertising Impact on Alcohol Abuse†. Available: wysiwig://9/http://www2. potsdam. ed†¦-info/Advertising/Advertising. html Center for Media Education (CME). â€Å"Alcohol Advertising Targeted at Youth on the Internet: An Update†. Available: http://tap. epn. org/cme/981218/alcrep. html Hacker, George. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Available: http://www. cspinet. org/booze/hacker. html Hacker, George. Press Conference on Alcohol Advertising Reforms. May 16, 1997. Available: http://www. cspinet. org/booze/516state. html Health You. May/June 1998. â€Å"Proms, Parents and Alcohol†. Available: http://www. lvhhn. org/healthy_you/magazine/proms_alcohol/ IAS. Available: http://www. ias. org. uk/factsheets/advertising. htm Kelly, Kathleen and Ruth Edwards. â€Å"Image Advertisements for Alcohol Products: Is There Appeal Associated with Adolescents’ Intention to Consume Alcohol? † Adolescence. Spring 1998. V33 n129 p47(13).

Embarrassing Moment Essay

Advantages At first when I took first aid training from a local hospital, I had no idea how much helpful is this training in providing help to others. It gives you a sense of self-satisfaction when you help someone in acute emergency. But at the time of training, I didn’t realize about the importance and advantages of first aid box but after some time when I got a first aid box to keep at my home and equipped the same with all necessary items, I have a piece of mind to cope any type of emergency in my home or even if it happens with anyone in neighbor hood. If you are a person who also likes to help others, even if not others, just to provide treatment to your loved ones, you must maintain a first aid box at your home. But before you maintain a first aid box at your home, consider taking part in a first aid training course because it will train you in using various surgical instruments and medical devices properly. Usually, after you get first aid training from any hospital or organization such as Red Cross, your trainer also provides you a check-list for your first aid box. The check-list usually includes following items: * Antiseptic Wash * Gauze squares & Gauze rolls * Cotton balls & Cotton swabs * Neospirin or other triple antibiotic ointment or cream * Medical tape, hot/cold pack, small scissors * Bee sting kit, thermometer * Selection of bandages There are many other extra items which you may keep in your first aid box such as sterile water, self-adhesive tape, nail clippers, trauma shears, surgical suture, surgical suture needle, vicryl mesh, Ethicon sutures, steroid cream and sunburn treatment (aloe products) etc. Some of these items need more specific training to use them properly such trauma shears are used to cut leather jackets, seat belts and denim etc. Like wise to use surgical instruments such as surgical suture and surgical suture needle, you also need specific training to take care of large wounds or cuts. You can also make two first aid kits, one for your home and other for your. Take a small kit with you when you travel or you can name your travel kit as a mini kit. To get all these necessary items for your first aid box, you can search over the internet to find many reliable resources where you may get discounts if you order for all medical supplies at one place. The contents and equipment of the first-aid kits are not otherwise specified. Therefore, the following items are to be included in each first-aid kit and be available at every pool or spa: 1. 1 – First Aid Book 2. 1 – Box Plastic Adhesive Bandages – 1†³ x 3†³ 16/Box 3. 1 – Tweezers 4. 1 – Scissors 5. 1 – Spool Tape – 1/2†³ x 5 yards 6. 2 – Compress Bandage – 3†³ x 3†³ 7. 1 – Triangular Bandage – 40†³ 8. 1 – Small Ice Pack 9. 1 – Box Fingertip Bandage – 10/Box 10. 1 – Box Cloth Knuckle Bandage 11. 1 – Eye Dressing 12. 1 – Box Telfa Pads – 1 1/2†³ x 2†³ 12/Box 13. 1 – Roller Gauze 14. 3 – Packages Clean Wipes 15. 1 – Compact CPR Shield 16. 1 – Latex Gloves, Pair 17. 2 – Emergency Blankets Moral As well as the moral duty of employers to protect employees and members of the public,General Health and Safety Legislation covers all employers and workplaces. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 These regulations place an obligation on employers to assess risks and where necessary, take action to eliminate or control the risks. The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 These regulations state that, in order to provide First Aid to their employees who become injured or ill at work, employers must have adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and personnel. Regulations apply to all workplaces, including those with less than five employees. Self-employed workers need to ensure they have adequate facilities to provide First Aid to themselves. If the self-employed person works with others on mixed premises, then joint arrangements should be made with other occupiers. It could be that one employer will take responsibility for the provision of First Aid cover for all workers on the premises. back to top Further information on First Aid at Work * Email your query now * Call our Adviceline on 0800 019 2211 First Aid at Work (external site) This site from the Health and Safety Executive provides information on all aspects of first aid at work for employers and employees across all industry sectors. Free resources from Healthy Working Lives Links below are to publications pages giving options to download these resources: * Risk Assessment Form * Risk Assessment Form – Worked Example Free First Aid guidance from the Health and Safety Executive Note – all links are to external pages on the HSE website giving options to download or order these resources: * First Aid at Work – Your questions answered INDG214 (external site) Priced First Aid guidance from the Health and Safety Executive Note – all links are to external pages on the HSE website giving options to order these resources: * Basic Advice on First Aid at Work (external site) * Electric Shock: First Aid Procedures (external site) * First Aid at Work: The Health and safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 – Approved Code of Practice and Guidance L74 (external site) back to top

Benefits of Social Media

Did you know that it has been proven that using social media makes people happier than spending time with family, sporting events, or having more money? (THE GUARDIAN, 2014). The rise of social media usage in modern society, particularly amongst young people, has raised concerns among many commentators about the risks and disadvantages of this type of communication. With more and more people choosing to spend large quantities of time communicating via site such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, critics of social media question the privacy, security, and usefulness of social media to modern society. There are both benefits and disadvantages to the increasing use of social media in our modern society. However, despite the very real disadvantages and dangers, research has indicated that social media has real benefits for modern users. Social media carries definite and proven risks for users; however, it can also be enormously beneficial. Social media has been criticized as harmful to the communication skills and benefits of real, face-to-face interactions (READING EAGLE, 2012); because social media encourages virtual communication, it can be seen as impersonal, superficial, and lacking in true empathy. However, research has also indicated that using social media makes people happy. In a study that examined a number of situations such as having more money, spending time with family, and sports events, social media was shown to be the activity that rated highest as making people happy (THE GUARDIAN, 2014). It is likely that this is a direct result of the feeling of inclusiveness and connectedness that social media creates for users, who feel that they can be heard and involved through the use of social media; it may also be a result of the fact that social media facilitates many of the other factors seen to make people happy. At the same time, social media has been criticized as harmful to the communication skills and benefits of real, face-to-face interactions (READING EAGLE, 2012). It is more accurate, however, to say that social media has changed the ways in which people communicate with one another, allowing faster and more informal and impulsive communication. Research has shown that, for businesses in particular, this change in communication methods has resulted in benefits for users in both economic terms and in terms of connectedness to others (THE SOCIAL SAVIOR, 2015). Social media makes it easier for individuals to connect to one another, but also for individuals and groups to communicate effectively, making it easier for messages and ideas to be shared widely and collectively. Communications via social media, for example, can lack security and are vulnerable to invasions of privacy because of their public nature (READING EAGLE, 2012). Outweighing these disadvantages, however, is the fact that different studies have also shown that social media can help to equip young people with a range of valuable life-skills. These benefits occur as a result of the constant practice at communication it encourages (THE WASHINGTON TIMES, 2009). By being so constantly connected to the public, young people have the opportunity to explore and challenge social conventions, develop new interests and technical abilities, and develop their personal sense of identity (THE WASHINGTON TIMES, 2009). These skills help to keep society cutting-edge and progressive, and also help prepare the next generation for life, work, and society. As can be seen, therefore, social media carries definite and proven risks for users; however, it can also be enormously beneficial. It cannot be denied that using social media carries certain risks to security, privacy and personality. However, the benefits that accrue from appropriate use of social media can be seen to outweigh those risks extensively. References

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of Essay

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of violent conflict Can terrorism ever be justified - Essay Example Political Scientist seem unable to agree on a single or uniform meaning of the term terrorism, although they agree in principle that terrorism is a means to a political or social end.(Beinin, 12, 23) Perhaps the most dramatic definition of terrorism is provided by Netanyahu who describes terrorism as: Alex Schmid and Albert Jongman examined a complex range of definitions of terrorism and isolated five common denominators. (Schmid and Jongman, 5) A common element that accounted for at least a 83.5 per cent consistency was the use of force or violence. (Schmid and Jongman, 5) At least 65 per cent of the definitions agreed that acts of terrorism were political in nature. (Schmid and Jongman,5) Another 52 per cent of the definitions agreed that acts of terrorism involved the use of fear or terror, 47 per cent agreed that threats were used in terrorism plots and 41 per cent agreed that terrorists aimed to product psychological impact. (Schmid and Jongamn, 5) Other forms of violent conflict are generally attributed to war, guerrilla activity, insurgency and crime in general. Crime itself is categorised under two distinct heads. It can either be committed on an individual basis or it can be a joint enterprise as often is the case in instances of organized crime. (Cunningham and others, 7) Crime involves the intentional breaking of the law and violent crime involves some sort or assault either with or without a weapon. Like terrorism, â€Å"violent crimes involve force or threat of force.† (FBI) In a very real sense, violent crime is similar to terrorism since it involves a degree of force. The similarities between war and terrorism are obvious. Both forms of violent conflict have political or social aims and both involve the use of violence. Guerrilla warfare and activities are generally perpetuated during a formal or informal war either between

Personal Resourcing and Develoment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal Resourcing and Develoment - Essay Example This approach came to be referred to as the Garbage Can Model (Ahuja, 2007). March earned his BA degree from Wisconsin University. Later, he enrolled in Yale University, where he earned Masters in Arts degree, followed by a Ph.D. The academic work scope covered by James March is relatively broad. However, understanding the process of decision-making in companies, organizations, society and individuals is considered as one of his major focus. In this area, March has made an exploration of the factors that affect the processes of making decisions, including leadership, politics, orientation of risks, stakeholder’s vested interests, challenges pertaining to delivering and heeding to advice and impediments to processes of exploring and exploiting the opportunities by the organizations. Aside from beings a researcher, James March also served as teacher and leader of universities. As a matter of fact, James March is known for having served as a professor to prominent scholars, such as Jack Parker, whom he taught at the Stanford University. James march is widely celebrated for his research work on organization and organization decision-making processes (James, 1957). He received several awards for research and teaching. As a way of communication and interaction with society, James March has featured in various books, interactive seminars, articles, poetry and films. James March served as faculty member at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, as well as University of California, since 1953. Since 1970s, James March served at Stanford University. He has ever been elected to serve the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences and even the National Science Board. As if not enough, he has served as a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences Sweden, and Academy of Science and Letters, Norway (Huff, 2000). He has

Nuero physiotherapy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nuero physiotherapy - Assignment Example Stroke is known to be one of the worst causes of disability and death all over the world. Ischemic stroke contributes to more than 87 percent of all the strokes (Amarenco et al. 2012). Stroke easily leads older people to death within a very short time; research shows that 8 to 12 percent of adults aged between 45 and 64 years die within 30 days of transient ischemic attack. George’s case is a perfect description of an adult who has suffered a stroke that has lasted for more than one hour without medical attention. The amount of time that the patient lasted without medical attention may have been more than one hour since the only person who could have helped him had been away for most part of the day. Various things occur to patients who suffer ischemic stroke within the first hour leading to neurological problems and even death. During the first hour, a section of the brain usually faces threats of death. The infarct core might be highly ischemic and may certainly die, but tissue with a shortfall of blood provision is also poised on a knife-edge between recovery and death. At this state, metabolic factors and hemodynamics are essential (Bath & Lees 2000). Clinical symptoms exhibited by George are due to a stroke that he has undergone. It is more likely that he suffered from ischemia, which causes more than 85% of strokes, or hemorrhage, which accounts for the remaining 15%, after diagnosis rules out subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hemorrhage leads to direct neuronal injury and adjacent ischemia due to the pressure effect it develops. Primary ischemia occurs because of an embolism or atherothrombotic occlusion. The normal sources of embolism in an individual are the left atrium in cases where there is atrial fibrillation or left ventricle in cases where there is heart failure or myocardial infarction. Occlusion of vessels occurs because of atherosclerosis, in the internal parts of the carotid artery, which is simply next to the carotid bifurcation,

Sportsmanship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sportsmanship - Essay Example Normally, this character is because of the notion that their wealth is because of their superiority. The use of the term snob is to describe people that have the habit of portraying or rather showing their wealth through the purchase of luxury commodities. However, this definition rarely comes in use for the snob for it acts as a double-way. This means that the person who flaunts by the purchase of the expensive commodities can initiate the acts of a snob. A snob has the attitude of feeling more superior. The attitude is as compared to other people and upon a person portraying their wealth; they get to feel jealous and snob the person to show that they do not acknowledge that wealth. Another manner of understanding a snob is viewing the individual as one that has a great sense of social insecurity (Baggel). A snob benefits most when a particular issue becomes less secure in comparison to the general state that it ought to be. Reviewing the term nerd and comprehending the definition is effective in differentiating from a snob. A nerd is a highly intellectual person but despite this level of intellect, the person has a problem socializing and thus deemed socially impaired. A nerd has the reputation of spending a large amount of time carrying out unpopular activities. The activities that the nerd engages in are highly technical and because of this behavior that nerds have few friends except for people that operate in the same circle of activities as they do. People have always engaged in fun activities that do not involve high amounts of thinking. However, nerds are the opposite and operate in highly sensible manners that have many people uncomfortable and thus do not associate with them. A snob has one of the highest levels of self-esteem in society, and this is because he/she aims to prove his superiority over other people (Baggel). However, the nerd has very low self-esteem and is shy in the actions that he

HISTORY Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HISTORY Bachelor - Essay Example As far as Goldhagen's infamous chapter eight, "Police Battalion 101: Assessing the men's motives," the main point of argument with this chapter has to do with the accusation that many ordinary Germans had motivation to participate in the Holocaust, and had several motives for doing so. Many people have felt that the book's lacking cannot defend the attacks against it or, on the other hand, that the book's accomplishments do not explain its successful sales. However, this consideration of the book is shortsighted; focusing on Goldhagen tacks attention away from his important claims, and to examine the central points of the book itself. The book's thesis is quite familiar; its central claim reflects on a refutation of fifty years examination and research regarding the Holocaust. The important focus of chapter eight's concepts actually argues against the idea that the mass genocide of the Jewish people happened based on logic and the upper echelons of government. The mass murder of the Jewish people would have presented the Nazis with several difficult problems when planning how to approach the killings (Hilberg). However, the government planning was extremely complex, as well as the killing, which was very critical to the initial success of the extermination. The process by which the genocide was organized removed everyday individuals psychologically and morally from the actions of the government. This would mean that either the everyday individuals who took part in German society were unaware of the genocide, or may have even perhaps had some kind of resistance to the entire concept. However, Goldhagen does not ag ree with this concept; he feels that even ordinary Germans possessed anti-Semitic beliefs that allows them to somehow participate in, or overlook, the actions of the government. Goldhagen states that it was the "cognitive and value structures" of ordinary Germans--namely their virulently anti-Semitic beliefs--that constituted the "central causal agent of the Holocaust" (67-68). When first examining this concept, it really seems that Goldhagen's claim is perhaps more obvious than most would want to accept. If the everyday citizens of Germany were opposed to the mass extermination of the Jews, why would the Nazis have attempted so flawlessly to kill the millions they did murder Wouldn't the everyday German citizens make more attempts, personally and publicly, to assist the Jews The Anti-Semitism in Germany, therefore, was not an offshoot of the Nazis' own personal vendetta, but part of the social construct of all citizens of Germany. Therefore, Goldhagen feels that the Nazis cannot be blamed solely for the extermination of the Jews; the entire German people should be considered, as this seemed to have been more of a nationwide attempt. Hitler's leadership and conquering of Europe may have opened the door to mass killing; however, the media depiction of the Jews as subhuman and Hitler's control of the German people were not enough to undertake such a large pr oject of genocide. Instead, Goldhagen feels that the hating of the Jewish people by the German people came far before this, and predated Hitler's control of Germany. Rather, it seems to have been a part of the German culture for quite some time. Goldenhangen's proof comes not on the focus of the extermination camps present in Germany and

Munk Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Munk Debate - Essay Example The only city that has such population in Europe is London. There are only eleven European Union countries with a population of below six million. The country is forty times the geographical size of Canada fox. If the country were to be divided like Europe, it would have about ninety nation states. China’s population has many advantages that will contribute to its economic and political power in the 21st century. The country has approximately 1.2 billion people with the size being proportional to its economy. The country’s large population contributed to its poor economy in the past decades because the largest percentage consisted of young individuals who were dependants. However, a large percentage of the population currently consists of the mature working population. This has contributed to the present economic explosion. The current population structure has resulted into the high human capital in China (Munk debates). The 21st century will belong to China because its economy is increasing at an advanced tempo compared to other countries globally. For instance, in the past thirty years, its economy has risen by a factual value of about 10. The current report of the IMF shows that China will be largest financial system in the coming years. Its economy has already surpassed the US because it is the largest manufacturer especially in the car market. Global financial reports also show that the demand for its cars will increase by tenfold in future. By 2035, the country will be using a fifth of the global energy. The global market analysts assert that only a country with the largest industrial production can lead the world. China is currently the largest industrial producer based on its large population. It goods are on demand because it supplies its products to the developing countries at cheap prices. The countries also supply skilled and cheap labor that is also on high demand in many foreign countries. This has enabled china to compete more effec tively in the market compared to its rivals. The developed countries focus on selling their goods and attracting investors from other developing countries. China targets the developing world like the African countries leading to the expansion of its market especially the automobile (Munk debates). In the past, China relied on investors, but it is currently one of the major investors today because of its 3 trillion dollars global reserves and other assets worth 200 billion dollars. China’s economy is also expanding because of innovations and high quality education. For instance, the students at Shanghai topped in Mathematics with a score of 600, while the students in the US became 25th with a score of 487 when education achievements of students of the age of 15 were ranked last year (Munk debates). Furthermore, there are high chances that China will rule because the economy of the West is declining at a high rate because of economic crisis that resulted from excessive gambling . Additionally, the US will be spending more on debts than on defense. The West is also losing its political powers because of political crises that are exemplified by the game of Russian roulette over the US federal. The business taxes in China are very low, and this has attracted many investors. The US is among the countries with the most raised business tax rates. Additionally, th

Job Evaluation, Market Pricing & Pay Structures Term Paper

Job Evaluation, Market Pricing & Pay Structures - Term Paper Example Job evaluation approach Job evaluation approach to set pay range ranks the job on the basis of responsibilities and duties expected by the position to perform. This evaluation technique helps the organization to select a pay grade that is a pay range with minimum and maximum rate. This approach evaluates a job on the basis of four factors which are skills possessed by the individual, efforts made by the individual, responsibilities performed by the individual and working conditions of the individual (Armstrong, 2007). (Jenss & Associates) On the basis of above factors organizations design pay structures, although there are many variations in this process but all organizations using this techniques follow the same approach which is to define each job in the group on the basis of above discussed generic factors. The first step in this approach is to decide which job to be covered in the evaluation and what factors are to be used to evaluate, second step is to gather information about e ach job to be evaluated, third step is to rate each job evaluation factors of the job, and the step four in the process is to select the benchmark jobs among jobs selected for evaluation which connects internal pay structure with external labor market (Armstrong, 2007). ... This method is quite expensive, complex and hard to understandable for employees. The major drawback of this approach is that it rewards tenure and efforts rather than outcomes and performances which are quite unjustifiable (Armstrong and Brown, 2001). Market pricing approach Market pricing approach sets pay scale according to the prevailing market rate of the pay for similar job, this approach is the most dominant and common way organizations use to determine pay scales. Evolution of this method to sets pay scale has shifted the organization’s focus from internal methods to use market data to sets pay scale. This approach place jobs in grades based on the level of competitive pay for different jobs, in this way it also decreases the level of grades and makes the job and pay structure simple (Armstrong, 2007). This method sets pay scale for selected job position and its description on the prevailing market rate. In this way organizations stay competitive and are able to retain their employees for long. This approach is comparatively less expensive and easily understandable for employees, this approach also reduces disputes between employees regarding pay scale. It evaluates jobs on results and accountability rather than efforts and tenure (Heneman and LeBlanc, 2002). There is a major drawback with this approach; if the market data is not available for the job position for which pay scale needed to be set than it becomes very hard and complicated for the organizations to set pay scale; Secondly this approach can result in statistical errors such as to place the job in wrong grade; thirdly this approach is highly dependent upon market survey, any lacking or error in the survey can result in disaster and wrong placement of jobs.

Jewish Purim Holy Day Essay Example for Free

Jewish Purim Holy Day Essay The Jewish faith has been around for more than a thousand years. Judaism like many other faiths such as Christian, Muslim, Hindus, and Buddhist has holidays that are part of a tradition that is followed. When an individual makes a choice to believe in one religion and follow it as its way of faith it is important to understand all elements that come along with that religion. This paper will review the holy day known as Purim and the review will explain the history of this day and the practices associated with this holy day. The last section will discuss cultural differences that may affect how this day is observed by different branches of Judaism. Purim The holy day Purim is celebrated in March this is the twelfth month in the Jewish calendar. The holy day starts at sundown of the first secular date for example 2014 the celebration will start at sundown on March 15th and end at nightfall of the 16th. The story The book of Esther explains that like many tails we read about we have a villain and a hero. Haman the adviser to the kind tells the king that there are people who do not follow the laws that the king has created. Haman creates a plan to exterminate all of the Jews. Esther the king’s queen, the king does not know she is Jewish. Esther uncle asked her to goes to the king and ask him to save her people. Esther fasted for three days for fear that she will be killed for visiting the king uninvited. Esther goes to the king and asks him to save her people. The Jewish people are saved. This leads to the celebration of the Purim. This holy day is noted as one of the joyous and fun holidays on the Jewish calendar (Molloy, 2010). Religious practices Purim is not outlined in the Torah but has been celebrated by Jews sense the second century CE. Purim has been nicknamed the Jewish Mardi gras (Institute for Curriculum Services, 2012). For the holy day all Jews are required to fulfill the four Purim mitzvoth. The two readings of the Megillah the Scroll of Esther and Mikrah Megillah. There is to be a celebration with a feast during the feast alcohol is consumed, adults drink till they are unable to say distinguish between the phrase â€Å"Cursed be Haman† and â€Å"blessed be Mordecai† (Religion Facts, 2004 para.14). Next Jews are to give gifts of food to their friends. Last an act of charity to the poor. Purim states that two acts of charity must be given in the amount equal to the balance of one’s inexpensive meal. The act must be given directly to the poor and must be given without merit (Religion Facts, 2004). Branches of Judaism The Jewish religion is not unlike many other types of religion where many of the followers have created new branches. The Jewish religion has 4 different branches that appear to be the main views that are followed. Orthodox Judaism Orthodox Judaism is the most traditional branch that is practiced by Jewish followers. There is a large range of differences in the orthodox views. The idea to modernize but to also adhere to the Jewish laws makes this a very difficult branch the idea to embrace new views but do not forget Jewish cultures. Reform Judaism The belief that individuals have a choice over what they believe to be meaningful within the views of Judaism. This giving each person the idea that they have the choice to follow the path that is best suited for them. Reformed Judaism teaches that ethical laws are binding while ritual laws can be changed to fit into modern day society. Conservative Judaism Currently the middle ground of orthodox and Reform Judaism, the idea that Judaism can keep tradition and also adapt to modern circumstances. There is an importance within Conservative Judaism to study traditional Jewish text to assist in the guide for ethics and practice. Reconstructionist Judaism Reconstructionist Judaism teaches that it is not simply a religion but also an evolving civilization; Within Reconstructionist Judaism the Jewish laws do not have to be followed, but it does state that the community will be strengthened if they are. Cultural difference in the observation of Purim Purim is a holy day that celebrates the defeat of those that wanted to exterminate Jews. Not only do religions celebrate that they have overcome many obstacles so do countries, nations, towns, and tribes. Many references to the holiday Purim states that this holy day has been around for over thousands of years and will continue to be celebrated for many more thousands of years (Institute for Curriculum Services, 2012). As society changes this may change how followers of the Jewish faith may change how they celebrate holy days. This Jewish holy day may not only referee to Esther the queen that saved all the Jews from extermination but also to the time in history were Hitler again tried to exterminate the Jewish race. Judaism has been around for century but so have people and races that have felt threated by them and felt the need to exterminate them. This day of celebrate is a day that the Jewish people can rejoice in the fact that they have overcome many obstacles in life and they will survive. Conclusion Holy days or holidays however it is said can mean many things depending on the faith that is may be referring to. To celebrate Santa clause or to celebrate overcoming an obstacle can bring people together. Religion is just that the bringing together of a group of people that want to rejoice in the feeling of something more than just themselves. Judaism is a faith that has had challenges but has overcome many challenges to become stronger with time that is why the tradition of Purim is important to follow. References Institute for Curriculum Services. (2012). Branches of Judaism. Retrieved from http://www.icsresources.org/curricula Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions Traditions, challenge, and change (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ReligionFacts. (2004-2013). Purim. Retrieved from http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/holidays/purim.htm